系统梳理区块链赋能去中心化AI的原理与挑战
SoK: Blockchain-Based Decentralized AI (DeAI)
- 构建DeAI技术体系框架，按AI生命周期分类解决方案
- 揭示区块链在保障安全与激励协作中的核心作用
- 适合关注AI可信性与去中心化架构的研究者
集中式人工智能虽提升效率，却带来单点故障、固有偏见、数据隐私风险及可扩展性瓶颈。为此，基于区块链的去中心化人工智能（DeAI）应运而生，通过去中心化与透明性增强AI系统的可信度。尽管产业界快速采纳，学界尚缺乏对DeAI技术基础、机遇与挑战的系统分析。本文首次提出DeAI的系统知识梳理（SoK），给出正式定义，构建基于AI生命周期的解决方案分类体系，并深入探究区块链在实现安全且激励相容协作中的角色。进一步，审查了DeAI全生命周期的安全风险，并实证评估代表性缓解技术。最后，指出开放研究挑战与未来方向。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Centralization enhances the efficiency of Artificial Intelligence (AI) but also introduces critical challenges, including single points of failure, inherent biases, data privacy risks, and scalability limitations. To address these issues, blockchain-based Decentralized Artificial Intelligence (DeAI) has emerged as a promising paradigm that leverages decentralization and transparency to improve the trustworthiness of AI systems. Despite rapid adoption in industry, the academic community lacks a systematic analysis of DeAI's technical foundations, opportunities, and challenges. This work presents the first Systematization of Knowledge (SoK) on DeAI, offering a formal definition, a taxonomy of existing solutions based on the AI lifecycle, and an in-depth investigation of the roles of blockchain in enabling secure and incentive-compatible collaboration. We further review security risks across the DeAI lifecycle and empirically evaluate representative mitigation techniques. Finally, we highlight open research challenges and future directions for advancing blockchain-based DeAI.
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