通过视觉片段分组,大幅降低多模态大模型推理时间。
Efficient Multi-modal Large Language Models via Visual Token Grouping
- 用预训练视觉编码器分组相似图像块,无需分割掩码。
- 保留98.1%原始性能,推理时间减少27%以上。
- 适合追求高效多模态推理的开发者与部署场景。
多模态大语言模型(MLLM)使大语言模型具备感知图像、视频等非文本数据的能力,显著推动了视觉问答、图像描述等下游任务的发展。然而,处理高分辨率图像和视频带来的巨大计算开销阻碍了其广泛应用。压缩视觉标记是降低推理成本的有前景方法。现有方法通常在特征对齐阶段进行标记削减。本文提出VisToG,一种新颖的分组机制,利用预训练视觉编码器能力,在无需分割掩码的情况下对相似图像片段进行分组。具体地,在线性投影层后将语义标记拼接以表示图像语义段,再输入视觉编码器。结合采用的隔离注意力机制,VisToG可利用预训练视觉编码器中的先验知识识别并消除冗余视觉标记,有效降低计算需求。大量实验表明,VisToG在保持98.1%原始性能的同时,实现超过27%的推理时间降低。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The development of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) with the ability to perceive data formats beyond text, significantly advancing a range of downstream applications, such as visual question answering and image captioning. However, the substantial computational costs associated with processing high-resolution images and videos pose a barrier to their broader adoption. To address this challenge, compressing vision tokens in MLLMs has emerged as a promising approach to reduce inference costs. While existing methods conduct token reduction in the feature alignment phase. In this paper, we introduce VisToG, a novel grouping mechanism that leverages the capabilities of pre-trained vision encoders to group similar image segments without the need for segmentation masks. Specifically, we concatenate semantic tokens to represent image semantic segments after the linear projection layer before feeding into the vision encoder. Besides, with the isolated attention we adopt, VisToG can identify and eliminate redundant visual tokens utilizing the prior knowledge in the pre-trained vision encoder, which effectively reduces computational demands. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of VisToG, maintaining 98.1% of the original performance while achieving a reduction of over 27\% inference time.
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