arXiv:2411.17796cs.LGmath.OC2024-11被引 1

用分块坐标下降法迭代剪枝大模型,提升压缩效率与性能。

Scalable iterative pruning of large language and vision models using block coordinate descent

  • 分块迭代优化,每次只处理部分权重,适合超大规模模型。
  • 在Mistral和DeiT上比Wanda等方法在相同稀疏度下表现更优。
  • 支持质量与耗时权衡,可适配量子计算硬件加速。

神经网络剪枝通过移除部分权重,在保持高精度的同时显著降低模型复杂度,但通常受限于一定范围。本文提出一种基于组合脑外科(Combinatorial Brain Surgeon)的剪枝技术,采用分块坐标下降法,以迭代方式优化网络中一组权重。该方法称为“迭代组合脑外科”(iCBS),其分块迭代特性使其可扩展至大型语言模型(LLMs)等超大规模模型,而单次组合优化难以实现。在Mistral和DeiT等大型模型上,iCBS在相同密度水平下优于Wanda等现有剪枝方法,证明了该方法在压缩与性能优化上的有效性。此外,仅需优化少量权重即可实现良好效果,且提供质量-时间(或成本)权衡能力,这是单次剪枝无法实现的。分块优化问题具有量子可解性,理论上可由量子计算机求解,同时支持硬件加速器利用,有望抵消相比单次剪枝的计算开销增加。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Pruning neural networks, which involves removing a fraction of their weights, can often maintain high accuracy while significantly reducing model complexity, at least up to a certain limit. We present a neural network pruning technique that builds upon the Combinatorial Brain Surgeon, but solves an optimization problem over a subset of the network weights in an iterative, block-wise manner using block coordinate descent. The iterative, block-based nature of this pruning technique, which we dub ``iterative Combinatorial Brain Surgeon'' (iCBS) allows for scalability to very large models, including large language models (LLMs), that may not be feasible with a one-shot combinatorial optimization approach. When applied to large models like Mistral and DeiT, iCBS achieves higher performance metrics at the same density levels compared to existing pruning methods such as Wanda. This demonstrates the effectiveness of this iterative, block-wise pruning method in compressing and optimizing the performance of large deep learning models, even while optimizing over only a small fraction of the weights. Moreover, our approach allows for a quality-time (or cost) tradeoff that is not available when using a one-shot pruning technique alone. The block-wise formulation of the optimization problem enables the use of hardware accelerators, potentially offsetting the increased computational costs compared to one-shot pruning methods like Wanda. In particular, the optimization problem solved for each block is quantum-amenable in that it could, in principle, be solved by a quantum computer.

模型剪枝大模型压缩分块优化量子计算

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