用深度学习提升卫星遥感土壤湿度精度,优于现有产品。
The Muon Space GNSS-R Surface Soil Moisture Product
- 构建深度学习流程,从卫星反射信号反演土壤湿度。
- 在多数区域表现接近SMAP,空间分辨率更高,森林山区略弱。
- 优于原始CYGNSS产品,未来将融合自研卫星数据。
Muon Space正建设小型卫星星座,部分搭载全球导航卫星系统反射测量(GNSS-R)接收器。为迎接星座发射,团队开发了通用深度学习反演流程,现可基于美国宇航局的飓风GNSS(CYGNSS)任务数据,实现近地表土壤湿度的业务化反演。本文详述输入数据集、预处理方法、模型架构与研发流程,并展示由此生成的土壤湿度产品。性能通过原位观测数据评估,对比了目标数据集(土壤湿度主动-被动卫星SMAP)及CYGNSS v1.0产品。该产品在空间分辨率上优于SMAP,多数区域性能相当;在SMAP核心验证站点,无偏均方根误差(ubRMSE)为0.032 cm³/cm³。但在森林与山地地形中表现低于SMAP。整体优于原始的CYGNSS v1.0产品。此次发布为后续业务化产品的基础,未来将整合来自Muon Space自研卫星的数据。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Muon Space (Muon) is building a constellation of small satellites, many of which will carry global navigation satellite system-reflectometry (GNSS-R) receivers. In preparation for the launch of this constellation, we have developed a generalized deep learning retrieval pipeline, which now produces operational GNSS-R near-surface soil moisture retrievals using data from NASA's Cyclone GNSS (CYGNSS) mission. In this article, we describe the input datasets, preprocessing methods, model architecture, development methods, and detail the soil moisture products generated from these retrievals. The performance of this product is quantified against in situ measurements and compared to both the target dataset (retrievals from the Soil Moisture Active-Passive (SMAP) satellite) and the v1.0 soil moisture product from the CYGNSS mission. The Muon Space product achieves improvements in spatial resolution over SMAP with comparable performance in many regions. An ubRMSE of 0.032 cm$^3$ cm$^{-3}$ for in situ soil moisture observations from SMAP core validation sites is shown, though performance is lower than SMAP's when comparing in forests and/or mountainous terrain. The Muon Space product outperforms the v1.0 CYGNSS soil moisture product in almost all aspects. This initial release serves as the foundation of our operational soil moisture product, which soon will additionally include data from Muon Space satellites.
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