arXiv:2412.00800cs.LGcs.AI2024-12被引 32

一本从传统模型到大模型的可解释AI实用指南,教你读懂AI决策。

A Comprehensive Guide to Explainable AI: From Classical Models to LLMs

  • 系统梳理决策树、线性模型到BERT/GPT等大模型的可解释方法
  • 提供SHAP、LIME、Grad-CAM等工具的代码实操,覆盖医疗金融场景
  • 适合想掌握AI透明化技术的研究者与工程师

可解释人工智能(XAI)回应了对AI系统透明度与可解释性的迫切需求,有助于建立决策过程中的信任与问责机制。本书全面介绍XAI,涵盖从决策树、线性回归、支持向量机等传统模型,到卷积神经网络、循环神经网络及大语言模型(如BERT、GPT、T5)的可解释性挑战。书中详述了SHAP、LIME、Grad-CAM、反事实解释与因果推断等实用技术,并提供Python代码示例以支持真实应用。案例研究展示了XAI在医疗、金融与政策制定中的作用,提升公平性与决策支持能力。内容还包括解释质量评估指标、前沿工具框架概览,以及联邦学习与伦理AI等新兴方向。配套GitHub仓库(https://github.com/Echoslayer/XAI_From_Classical_Models_to_LLMs)提供动手实践资源,面向广泛读者群体,助力理论与实践双提升。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) addresses the growing need for transparency and interpretability in AI systems, enabling trust and accountability in decision-making processes. This book offers a comprehensive guide to XAI, bridging foundational concepts with advanced methodologies. It explores interpretability in traditional models such as Decision Trees, Linear Regression, and Support Vector Machines, alongside the challenges of explaining deep learning architectures like CNNs, RNNs, and Large Language Models (LLMs), including BERT, GPT, and T5. The book presents practical techniques such as SHAP, LIME, Grad-CAM, counterfactual explanations, and causal inference, supported by Python code examples for real-world applications. Case studies illustrate XAI's role in healthcare, finance, and policymaking, demonstrating its impact on fairness and decision support. The book also covers evaluation metrics for explanation quality, an overview of cutting-edge XAI tools and frameworks, and emerging research directions, such as interpretability in federated learning and ethical AI considerations. Designed for a broad audience, this resource equips readers with the theoretical insights and practical skills needed to master XAI. Hands-on examples and additional resources are available at the companion GitHub repository: https://github.com/Echoslayer/XAI_From_Classical_Models_to_LLMs.

可解释AI大模型SHAPLIME

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