首个统一分析轨迹与交通状态数据的通用模型
BIGCity: A Universal Spatiotemporal Model for Unified Trajectory and Traffic State Data Analysis
- 设计统一时空单元，融合个体与群体移动数据
- 8项任务上超越18个基线，无需微调即可跨任务运行
- 适合导航、城市规划等需要多源数据协同的场景
典型动态时空数据包括轨迹数据（个体级移动）和交通状态数据（群体级移动）。传统研究常将二者视为独立模态，分别处理特定任务。但实际应用如导航软件需联合分析两类数据。现有预训练模型多为“多任务单模态”（MTSM），仅支持单一数据类型内的多任务，无法同时处理两类数据。本文提出BIGCity，首个“多任务多模态”（MTMD）时空模型，解决两大挑战：一是统一不同模态的表示，二是统一异构任务。为此，引入新型时空单元（ST-unit）统一编码轨迹与交通状态；采用可调大模型搭配任务导向提示（prompt），实现无微调跨任务泛化。在真实数据集上的实验表明，BIGCity在8项任务上达到最先进性能，优于18个基线。据我们所知，它是首个能同时处理轨迹与交通状态并执行多样化任务的模型。代码已开源。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Typical dynamic ST data includes trajectory data (representing individual-level mobility) and traffic state data (representing population-level mobility). Traditional studies often treat trajectory and traffic state data as distinct, independent modalities, each tailored to specific tasks within a single modality. However, real-world applications, such as navigation apps, require joint analysis of trajectory and traffic state data. Treating these data types as two separate domains can lead to suboptimal model performance. Although recent advances in ST data pre-training and ST foundation models aim to develop universal models for ST data analysis, most existing models are "multi-task, solo-data modality" (MTSM), meaning they can handle multiple tasks within either trajectory data or traffic state data, but not both simultaneously. To address this gap, this paper introduces BIGCity, the first multi-task, multi-data modality (MTMD) model for ST data analysis. The model targets two key challenges in designing an MTMD ST model: (1) unifying the representations of different ST data modalities, and (2) unifying heterogeneous ST analysis tasks. To overcome the first challenge, BIGCity introduces a novel ST-unit that represents both trajectories and traffic states in a unified format. Additionally, for the second challenge, BIGCity adopts a tunable large model with ST task-oriented prompt, enabling it to perform a range of heterogeneous tasks without the need for fine-tuning. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate that BIGCity achieves state-of-the-art performance across 8 tasks, outperforming 18 baselines. To the best of our knowledge, BIGCity is the first model capable of handling both trajectories and traffic states for diverse heterogeneous tasks. Our code are available at https://github.com/bigscity/BIGCity
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