arXiv:2412.01289cs.CVcs.AI2024-12被引 4

不训练即可提升多模态大模型视觉能力,融合多个现成模型的视觉特征。

Enhancing Perception Capabilities of Multimodal LLMs with Training-Free Fusion

  • 通过拼接同一语言模型家族中多个模型的视觉编码器输出,增强视觉理解。
  • 在多个基准测试中,融合后性能平均提升超4%,最高达5.2%。
  • 无需重新训练,适合资源有限但需快速提升视觉感知的部署场景。

多模态大模型(MLLMs)通过将视觉编码器与语言模型对齐,赋予语言模型视觉能力。现有方法通常依赖设计更强的视觉编码器,需在广阔的设计空间中探索并重新对齐每个编码器,导致训练成本极高。本文提出VisionFuse,一种无需额外训练的集成框架,可高效利用多个现成的MLLM视觉编码器来增强视觉感知。研究发现,不同MLLM在相同图像和查询下倾向于关注不同区域,且同一语言模型家族内各视觉编码器的特征分布高度一致。基于此,VisionFuse通过拼接同一家族中多个MLLM的视觉编码器输出tokens,丰富视觉上下文;同时合并这些MLLM的语言模型参数,使单一语言模型能适配多种视觉编码器,显著降低部署开销。我们在多个多模态基准上使用不同组合进行评估,结果表明性能有显著提升。例如,融合MiniGemini-8B与SLIME-8B时,平均性能提升超过4%。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) equip language models with visual capabilities by aligning vision encoders with language models. Existing methods to enhance the visual perception of MLLMs often involve designing more powerful vision encoders, which requires exploring a vast design space and re-aligning each potential encoder with the language model, resulting in prohibitively high training costs. In this paper, we introduce VisionFuse, a novel integration framework that efficiently utilizes multiple vision encoders from off-the-shelf MLLMs to enhance visual perception without requiring additional training. Our approach is motivated by the observation that different MLLMs tend to focus on distinct regions given the same query and image. Moreover, we find that the feature distributions of vision encoders within an MLLM family, a group of MLLMs sharing the same pretrained LLM, are highly aligned. Building on these insights, VisionFuse enriches the visual context by concatenating the tokens generated by the vision encoders of selected MLLMs within a family. By merging the parameters of language models from these MLLMs, VisionFuse allows a single language model to align with various vision encoders, significantly reducing deployment overhead. We conduct comprehensive evaluations across multiple multimodal benchmarks using various MLLM combinations, demonstrating substantial improvements in multimodal tasks. Notably, when integrating MiniGemini-8B and SLIME-8B, VisionFuse achieves an average performance increase of over 4%.

多模态视觉增强零样本融合推理优化

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