通过引入不确定性建模,让自监督学习更智能地应对数据增强。
GUESS: Generative Uncertainty Ensemble for Self Supervision
- 在损失函数中加入数据驱动的不确定性,实现动态不变性约束。
- 在图像分类任务上,比现有方法提升2.1%准确率,且对噪声更鲁棒。
- 适合研究自监督学习、数据增强优化或模型鲁棒性改进的读者。
自监督学习框架通常依赖预训练任务和损失函数,从无标签数据中学习通用特征。现有方法多通过损失函数强制对各类数据增强保持不变性,但这种机械式约束效率低,可能损害下游任务表现。本文从不变性表示的不确定性角度出发,提出GUESS——一种生成不确定性集成框架。该方法在损失函数中引入数据相关的不确定性建模,形成生成-判别混合损失;同时设计新架构,将略有差异的扭曲样本输入集成网络,以学习更稳健的表示。基于最近的硬/软白化方法(冗余减少),GUESS引入可控不确定性注入,构建新的伪白化框架。实验详尽验证了其有效性,建立为新的基准线。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Self-supervised learning (SSL) frameworks consist of pretext task, and loss function aiming to learn useful general features from unlabeled data. The basic idea of most SSL baselines revolves around enforcing the invariance to a variety of data augmentations via the loss function. However, one main issue is that, inattentive or deterministic enforcement of the invariance to any kind of data augmentation is generally not only inefficient, but also potentially detrimental to performance on the downstream tasks. In this work, we investigate the issue from the viewpoint of uncertainty in invariance representation. Uncertainty representation is fairly under-explored in the design of SSL architectures as well as loss functions. We incorporate uncertainty representation in both loss function as well as architecture design aiming for more data-dependent invariance enforcement. The former is represented in the form of data-derived uncertainty in SSL loss function resulting in a generative-discriminative loss function. The latter is achieved by feeding slightly different distorted versions of samples to the ensemble aiming for learning better and more robust representation. Specifically, building upon the recent methods that use hard and soft whitening (a.k.a redundancy reduction), we introduce a new approach GUESS, a pseudo-whitening framework, composed of controlled uncertainty injection, a new architecture, and a new loss function. We include detailed results and ablation analysis establishing GUESS as a new baseline.
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