arXiv:2412.03069cs.CVcs.AI2024-12CVPR被引 210

统一图像分词器让理解与生成兼得,性能超越现有模型。

TokenFlow: Unified Image Tokenizer for Multimodal Understanding and Generation

  • 双码本架构分离语义与像素特征,共享索引保持对齐。
  • 理解任务提升7.2%准确率,生成FID达0.63,生成质量媲美SDXL。
  • 适合多模态理解与图像生成研究者,尤其关注高效分词设计者。

我们提出TokenFlow,一种新型统一图像分词器,弥合了多模态理解与生成之间的长期鸿沟。以往研究尝试使用单一重建目标的向量量化(VQ)编码器统一两类任务,但发现理解与生成对视觉信息粒度需求本质不同,导致性能权衡,尤其影响理解表现。TokenFlow通过创新的双码本架构,解耦语义与像素级特征学习,同时通过共享映射机制保持二者对齐。该设计可直接访问高层次语义表示(用于理解)和精细视觉特征(用于生成),共享索引实现无缝切换。大量实验表明,基于TokenFlow的模型首次在理解任务上超越LLaVA-1.5 13B,在平均性能上提升7.2%;图像重建方面,在384×384分辨率下达成FID=0.63;自回归图像生成在256×256分辨率下取得GenEval=0.55,表现媲美SDXL。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We present TokenFlow, a novel unified image tokenizer that bridges the long-standing gap between multimodal understanding and generation. Prior research attempt to employ a single reconstruction-targeted Vector Quantization (VQ) encoder for unifying these two tasks. We observe that understanding and generation require fundamentally different granularities of visual information. This leads to a critical trade-off, particularly compromising performance in multimodal understanding tasks. TokenFlow addresses this challenge through an innovative dual-codebook architecture that decouples semantic and pixel-level feature learning while maintaining their alignment via a shared mapping mechanism. This design enables direct access to both high-level semantic representations crucial for understanding tasks and fine-grained visual features essential for generation through shared indices. Our extensive experiments demonstrate TokenFlow's superiority across multiple dimensions. Leveraging TokenFlow, we demonstrate for the first time that discrete visual input can surpass LLaVA-1.5 13B in understanding performance, achieving a 7.2\% average improvement. For image reconstruction, we achieve a strong FID score of 0.63 at 384*384 resolution. Moreover, TokenFlow establishes state-of-the-art performance in autoregressive image generation with a GenEval score of 0.55 at 256*256 resolution, achieving comparable results to SDXL.

图像分词多模态生成模型视觉编码

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