新规划器能在未知环境碰撞时自动重规划,更省时省力。
Resilient Timed Elastic Band Planner for Collision-Free Navigation in Unknown Environments
- 用混合A*算法在原方案失效时生成可行路径
- 障碍物密度超30%时,路径距离、时间、控制量减少约20%
- 适合农业、工业等复杂非结构化场景的机器人导航
自主导航中,轨迹重规划、优化与控制指令生成对有效运动规划至关重要。本文提出一种抗扰动的轨迹重规划方法,应对初始规划失效的情况。该方法结合混合A*算法在主规划失败时生成可行轨迹,并采用基于软约束的平滑技术进行优化,确保轨迹连续性、避障性与运动学可行性。通过动态Voronoi图建模障碍物,提升狭窄通道通行能力。该方法增强了规划一致性,加快收敛速度,满足实时计算需求。在障碍物密度达30%及以上环境中,与原始的Timed Elastic Band(TEB)和非线性模型预测控制(NMPC)相比,Resilient Timed Elastic Band(RTEB)规划器实现约20%的路径距离、行进时间与控制努力降低。这些改进表明RTEB在农业与工业等野外机器人应用中具有显著潜力,尤其适用于非结构化地形中的高效、可靠导航。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
In autonomous navigation, trajectory replanning, refinement, and control command generation are essential for effective motion planning. This paper presents a resilient approach to trajectory replanning addressing scenarios where the initial planner's solution becomes infeasible. The proposed method incorporates a hybrid A* algorithm to generate feasible trajectories when the primary planner fails and applies a soft constraints-based smoothing technique to refine these trajectories, ensuring continuity, obstacle avoidance, and kinematic feasibility. Obstacle constraints are modelled using a dynamic Voronoi map to improve navigation through narrow passages. This approach enhances the consistency of trajectory planning, speeds up convergence, and meets real-time computational requirements. In environments with around 30\% or higher obstacle density, the ratio of free space before and after placing new obstacles, the Resilient Timed Elastic Band (RTEB) planner achieves approximately 20\% reduction in traverse distance, traverse time, and control effort compared to the Timed Elastic Band (TEB) planner and Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) planner. These improvements demonstrate the RTEB planner's potential for application in field robotics, particularly in agricultural and industrial environments, where navigating unstructured terrain is crucial for ensuring efficiency and operational resilience.
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