用新型注意力网络同时处理高能多希格斯事件的解析与融合重建。
Reconstruction of boosted and resolved multi-Higgs-boson events with symmetry-preserving attention networks
- 提出对称性保持注意力网络新架构，兼顾解析与融合两种重建模式。
- 相比基线方法，重建纯度提升57%~62%，效率提高23%~38%。
- 适用于高能希格斯粒子探测，尤其适合大型强子对撞机实验分析。
在欧洲核子中心大型强子对撞机（LHC）上产生多个希格斯玻色子，可直接测量三重和四重希格斯自相互作用强度，并可能揭示超出标准模型的新物理效应，尤其在大横动量 $p_{ ext{T}}$ 条件下。最大事件占比来自全强子末态，每个希格斯玻色子衰变为底夸克-反底夸克对 ($b\bar{b}$)。这带来组合难题——“喷注分配问题”：将喷注正确匹配为希格斯候选者。对称性保持注意力网络（SPA-Nets）被用于解决该问题。但当同时考虑 $H\rightarrow b\bar{b}$ 的两种重建方式时，即两个“解析”小半径喷注（分别含一个 $b$-夸克喷注）或一个“提升”大半径喷注（合并 $b\bar{b}$ 喷注）时，问题复杂度上升。后者在高 $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ 下提升重建效率。本文提出对 SPA-Net 的泛化方法，同时处理提升与解析重建，并明确区分事件为“完全解析”、“完全提升”或中间状态。我们在非共振 $HH$ 与 $HHH$ 产生产生的事件上评估了基线方法、原始 SPA-Net 及本工作提出的泛化版本。综合考虑提升与解析拓扑，新方法相比基线使希格斯重建纯度提升 57–62%，效率提升 23–38%。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The production of multiple Higgs bosons at the CERN LHC provides a direct way to measure the trilinear and quartic Higgs self-interaction strengths as well as potential access to beyond the standard model effects that can enhance production at large transverse momentum $p_{\mathrm{T}}$. The largest event fraction arises from the fully hadronic final state in which every Higgs boson decays to a bottom quark-antiquark pair ($b\bar{b}$). This introduces a combinatorial challenge known as the \emph{jet assignment problem}: assigning jets to sets representing Higgs boson candidates. Symmetry-preserving attention networks (SPA-Nets) have been been developed to address this challenge. However, the complexity of jet assignment increases when simultaneously considering both $H\rightarrow b\bar{b}$ reconstruction possibilities, i.e., two "resolved" small-radius jets each containing a shower initiated by a $b$-quark or one "boosted" large-radius jet containing a merged shower initiated by a $b\bar{b}$ pair. The latter improves the reconstruction efficiency at high $p_{\mathrm{T}}$. In this work, we introduce a generalization to the SPA-Net approach to simultaneously consider both boosted and resolved reconstruction possibilities and unambiguously interpret an event as "fully resolved'', "fully boosted", or in between. We report the performance of baseline methods, the original SPA-Net approach, and our generalized version on nonresonant $HH$ and $HHH$ production at the LHC. Considering both boosted and resolved topologies, our SPA-Net approach increases the Higgs boson reconstruction purity by 57--62\% and the efficiency by 23--38\% compared to the baseline method depending on the final state.
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