用量子计算加速粒子对撞机模拟,提升能量流重建效率。
Zephyr quantum-assisted hierarchical Calo4pQVAE for particle-calorimeter interactions
- 将量子退火器映射到变分自编码器的潜在空间,构建混合生成模型。
- 在CaloChallenge 2022数据集上实现显著加速,减少传统模拟耗时。
- 适合关注量子机器学习与高能物理仿真交叉应用的研究者。
随着高亮度大型强子对撞机(HL-LHC)时代临近,传统事件模拟方法的计算需求已难以为继。现有基于蒙特卡洛的第一性原理模拟在建模量能器中的喷注过程时,预计每年需数百万CPU年,远超当前算力极限。本文提出一种量子辅助的分层深度生成代理模型,基于变分自编码器(VAE)并引入能量条件限制玻尔兹曼机(RBM)作为潜在空间先验。通过将D-Wave Zephyr量子退火器的拓扑结构映射至四部分RBM的节点与耦合关系,利用量子模拟显著加速喷注生成。我们在CaloChallenge 2022数据集2上评估该框架,证明了经典计算与量子模拟结合的有效性,为大规模量子模拟作为生成模型先验提供了新路径。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
With the approach of the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) era set to begin particle collisions by the end of this decade, it is evident that the computational demands of traditional collision simulation methods are becoming increasingly unsustainable. Existing approaches, which rely heavily on first-principles Monte Carlo simulations for modeling event showers in calorimeters, are projected to require millions of CPU-years annually -- far exceeding current computational capacities. This bottleneck presents an exciting opportunity for advancements in computational physics by integrating deep generative models with quantum simulations. We propose a quantum-assisted hierarchical deep generative surrogate founded on a variational autoencoder (VAE) in combination with an energy conditioned restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) embedded in the model's latent space as a prior. By mapping the topology of D-Wave's Zephyr quantum annealer (QA) into the nodes and couplings of a 4-partite RBM, we leverage quantum simulation to accelerate our shower generation times significantly. To evaluate our framework, we use Dataset 2 of the CaloChallenge 2022. Through the integration of classical computation and quantum simulation, this hybrid framework paves way for utilizing large-scale quantum simulations as priors in deep generative models.
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