arXiv:2412.04871cs.CL2024-12被引 6

用小模型自动生成高质量数据,低成本微调大模型。

Building a Family of Data Augmentation Models for Low-cost LLM Fine-tuning on the Cloud

  • 用小模型蒸馏大模型能力,自动扩写和优化指令与回复。
  • 在多个任务上提升微调效果,且推理成本低于10%原始开销。
  • 适合资源有限但需领域适配的大模型用户快速部署。

将大语言模型(LLM)专业化于特定领域任务已成为实现高性能的关键步骤,但领域数据的构建与标注成本高昂。除使用昂贵的闭源API外,一些开源模型已具备足够能力完成数据生成。为此,我们提出一个数据增强模型家族,显著提升模型微调效率。这些模型基于小型LLM训练,支持低开销的指令扩展、指令优化及指令-响应对扩展功能。首先,构建自动化数据收集系统,利用公开数据集与自建数据集生成种子数据,并通过强大LLM进行指令与响应的重写、扩展与优化,结合质量评估机制。随后,通过有效蒸馏过程,将教师模型的任务求解与文本生成能力迁移至学生模型。最后,将该系统集成至机器学习平台,从数据准备到训练全程实现低成本微调。实验与应用研究验证了该方法的有效性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Specializing LLMs in various domain-specific tasks has emerged as a critical step towards achieving high performance. However, the construction and annotation of datasets in specific domains are always very costly. Apart from using superior and expensive closed-source LLM APIs to construct datasets, some open-source models have become strong enough to handle dataset construction in many scenarios. Thus, we present a family of data augmentation models designed to significantly improve the efficiency for model fine-tuning. These models, trained based on sufficiently small LLMs, support key functionalities with low inference costs: instruction expansion, instruction refinement, and instruction-response pair expansion. To fulfill this goal, we first construct an automatic data collection system with seed datasets generated from both public repositories and our in-house datasets. This system leverages powerful LLMs to expand, refine and re-write the instructions and responses, incorporating quality assessment techniques. Following this, we introduce the training process of our models, which effectively distills task-solving and text synthesis abilities from teacher LLMs. Finally, we demonstrate how we integrate these functionalities into a machine learning platform to support low-cost LLM fine-tuning from both dataset preparation and training perspectives for users. Experiments and an application study prove the effectiveness of our approach.

数据增强低成本微调指令优化模型蒸馏

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