arXiv:2412.04917cs.SDeess.AS2024-12被引 9

用连续语音标记提升大模型多模态鲁棒性,实现低延迟实时对话。

Continuous Speech Tokens Makes LLMs Robust Multi-Modality Learners

  • 用流匹配损失+小MLP预测连续语音标记分布,替代传统离散编码。
  • 在真实语音输入下,连续标记比离散标记更稳定,抗噪声和风格变化。
  • 适合需要高鲁棒性语音交互的场景,如智能助手、实时通话系统。

近期基于GPT-4o的多模态模型在端到端语音对话方面取得显著进展,具备实时语音交互与强语音理解能力。然而,现有研究依赖离散语音标记以对齐文本标记进行语言建模,需通过带残差连接或独立分组的音频编解码器实现,该编解码器通常依赖大规模多样化数据训练,以确保离散语音码在不同领域、噪声、语调下的重建表现良好,并需精心设计量化器与编码器-解码器架构。本文提出Flow-Omni,一种基于连续语音标记的GPT-4o类模型,支持实时语音交互与低流式延迟。首先,不同于仅使用交叉熵损失,我们结合流匹配损失与预训练自回归语言模型及小型MLP网络,从语音提示中预测连续值语音标记的概率分布;其次,将连续语音标记融入多模态训练,实现与离散文本标记协同的鲁棒语音到语音性能。实验表明,相较于离散文本与语音的多模态训练及其变体,连续语音标记有效缓解了因离散语音码表示失真带来的鲁棒性问题。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Recent advances in GPT-4o like multi-modality models have demonstrated remarkable progress for direct speech-to-speech conversation, with real-time speech interaction experience and strong speech understanding ability. However, current research focuses on discrete speech tokens to align with discrete text tokens for language modelling, which depends on an audio codec with residual connections or independent group tokens, such a codec usually leverages large scale and diverse datasets training to ensure that the discrete speech codes have good representation for varied domain, noise, style data reconstruction as well as a well-designed codec quantizer and encoder-decoder architecture for discrete token language modelling. This paper introduces Flow-Omni, a continuous speech token based GPT-4o like model, capable of real-time speech interaction and low streaming latency. Specifically, first, instead of cross-entropy loss only, we combine flow matching loss with a pretrained autoregressive LLM and a small MLP network to predict the probability distribution of the continuous-valued speech tokens from speech prompt. second, we incorporated the continuous speech tokens to Flow-Omni multi-modality training, thereby achieving robust speech-to-speech performance with discrete text tokens and continuous speech tokens together. Experiments demonstrate that, compared to discrete text and speech multi-modality training and its variants, the continuous speech tokens mitigate robustness issues by avoiding the inherent flaws of discrete speech code's representation loss for LLM.

语音生成连续表示多模态

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