联合优化麦克风位置与滤波器，实现高效定向麦克风阵列设计。
Differentiable Optimization of Linear Differential Microphone Arrays: A Joint Geometry and Filter Design Framework
- 通过非均匀延迟求和结构，联合优化麦克风布局与滤波权重。
- 在目标方向实现无失真响应，且在多指标上优于现有方法。
- 适合需要低功耗、高指向性音频采集的嵌入式设备使用。
本文提出一种用于约束型线性差分麦克风阵列（LDMAs）设计的可微优化框架。该方法采用轻量级非均匀延迟求和波束成形器作为基础模型，通过联合优化麦克风位置与滤波器权重，实现了LDMAs的最优波束成形效果。该公式支持在期望声源方向施加无失真约束，同时对麦克风位置施加约束以保证性能一致性。通过均方误差（MSE）、方向性指数（DI）、白噪声增益（WNG）及计算时间等多指标评估，并与当前最优方法对比，验证了该方法在灵活性、指向性、鲁棒性及硬件效率方面的优势。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper presents a differentiable optimization framework for the design of constrained Linear Differential Microphone Arrays (LDMAs). The proposed method leverages a non-uniform delay-and-sum beamformer as a light-weight base system model, proving its ability to achieve the optimal beampattern of LDMAs by jointly optimizing microphone positions and filter weights. The formulation enables the optimized design of a filter with a distortion-free constraint in the desired sound direction, while also imposing constraints on microphone positioning to ensure consistent performance. Through evaluation on multiple metrics, including Mean Squared Error (MSE), Directivity Index (DI), White Noise Gain (WNG), and computation time, and comparison with state-of-the-art methods, this approach demonstrates a flexible, directive, robust, and hardware-efficient design.
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