AI伦理应重视已有社会规范,而非一味追求新道德框架。
Technology as uncharted territory: Contextual integrity and the notion of AI as new ethical ground
- 以情境完整性理论为视角,分析AI脱离具体社会背景的伦理风险。
- 忽视既有规范可能导致伦理失序,影响实际应用的正当性。
- 主张在AI发展中优先保留成熟社会规范,避免过度创新冲动。
近期研究显示,人工智能的开发与部署常脱离其具体应用的社会情境,导致实践者脱离了约束这些情境的特定规范体系。基于海伦·尼斯诺鲍姆的情境完整性理论,本文指出忽视情境规范会威胁情境的完整性,并带来决定性的伦理后果。尽管旨在推动负责任的AI,但某些伦理努力反而可能助长对既定规范的漠视。当前技术伦理中将新兴技术视为未开垦的道德疆域的倾向,使人们倾向于将AI视为独立的伦理讨论与规范构建领域,从而忽略在具体社会情境中长期形成的规范与美德。因此,本文质疑当前对道德创新的过度强调,呼吁在基础模型等新兴技术背景下,采取适度保守的伦理立场,优先考虑在既有社会情境及其规范结构中负责任地整合AI。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Recent research illustrates how AI can be developed and deployed in a manner detached from the concrete social context of application. By abstracting from the contexts of AI application, practitioners also disengage from the distinct normative structures that govern them. Building upon Helen Nissenbaum's framework of contextual integrity, I illustrate how disregard for contextual norms can threaten the integrity of a context with often decisive ethical implications. I argue that efforts to promote responsible and ethical AI can inadvertently contribute to and seemingly legitimize this disregard for established contextual norms. Echoing a persistent undercurrent in technology ethics of understanding emerging technologies as uncharted moral territory, certain approaches to AI ethics can promote a notion of AI as a novel and distinct realm for ethical deliberation, norm setting, and virtue cultivation. This narrative of AI as new ethical ground, however, can come at the expense of practitioners, policymakers and ethicists engaging with already established norms and virtues that were gradually cultivated to promote successful and responsible practice within concrete social contexts. In response, I question the current narrow prioritization in AI ethics of moral innovation over moral preservation. Engaging also with emerging foundation models, I advocate for a moderately conservative approach to the ethics of AI that prioritizes the responsible and considered integration of AI within established social contexts and their respective normative structures.
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