无需任务监督,直接用语言指令生成智能体行为。
RLZero: Direct Policy Inference from Language Without In-Domain Supervision
- 用视频生成模型想象语言描述对应的动作序列
- 将想象的观察映射到真实环境并即时模仿
- 支持零样本跨身体形态(如人形机器人)行为生成
奖励假说认为所有目标均可归结为最大化标量奖励信号。但实践中定义奖励信号极为困难,因人类难以预测对应最优行为。自然语言为强化学习提供直观指令方式,但以往方法需昂贵标注或测试时训练。本文提出RLZero,利用仅通过无标签离线交互预训练的强化学习智能体,在无需任务特定监督或标注轨迹的情况下,实现任意自然语言指令的零样本测试时策略推断。该框架包含三步:想象、投影、模仿。首先,使用视频生成模型根据语言描述生成观测序列;其次,将这些想象的观测投影至目标环境域;最后,已在目标环境通过无监督强化学习预训练的智能体,通过闭式解立即模仿投影后的观测序列。据我们所知,RLZero是首个在多种任务与环境中展示直接语言到行为生成能力且无需领域内监督的方法。进一步实验表明,该方法可零样本从跨身体形态视频(如YouTube)生成策略,包括复杂人形机器人场景。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The reward hypothesis states that all goals and purposes can be understood as the maximization of a received scalar reward signal. However, in practice, defining such a reward signal is notoriously difficult, as humans are often unable to predict the optimal behavior corresponding to a reward function. Natural language offers an intuitive alternative for instructing reinforcement learning (RL) agents, yet previous language-conditioned approaches either require costly supervision or test-time training given a language instruction. In this work, we present a new approach that uses a pretrained RL agent trained using only unlabeled, offline interactions--without task-specific supervision or labeled trajectories--to get zero-shot test-time policy inference from arbitrary natural language instructions. We introduce a framework comprising three steps: imagine, project, and imitate. First, the agent imagines a sequence of observations corresponding to the provided language description using video generative models. Next, these imagined observations are projected into the target environment domain. Finally, an agent pretrained in the target environment with unsupervised RL instantly imitates the projected observation sequence through a closed-form solution. To the best of our knowledge, our method, RLZero, is the first approach to show direct language-to-behavior generation abilities on a variety of tasks and environments without any in-domain supervision. We further show that components of RLZero can be used to generate policies zero-shot from cross-embodied videos, such as those available on YouTube, even for complex embodiments like humanoids.
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