融合分子结构与生物知识图谱,精准预测药物相互作用。
KITE-DDI: A Knowledge graph Integrated Transformer Model for accurately predicting Drug-Drug Interaction Events from Drug SMILES and Biomedical Knowledge Graph
- 用Transformer联合处理SMILES和知识图谱数据
- 在两个基准数据集上超越现有模型,尤其适用于新药
- 无需人工特征工程,低数据场景下表现优异
现代医学常同时开具多种药物治疗疾病,但药物间可能产生不良反应,即药物-药物相互作用(DDI),严重时可致伤甚至致命。因此,用药前准确识别所有DDI事件至关重要。当前多数研究仅依赖生物医学知识图谱(KG)或药物SMILES信息,极少将两者结合。部分方法采用启发式算法从SMILES和KG提取特征,再输入深度学习模型。本文提出一种知识图谱集成的Transformer模型,构建端到端自动化机器学习流程,以一对药物的完整分子SMILES序列和生物医学KG为输入,高精度预测其相互作用。实验表明,在两个不同基准数据集上,该模型性能优于现有最先进模型,尤其在测试集与训练集药物分子不重叠时仍保持优异泛化能力,表明其对新药DDI预测具有潜力。模型无需启发式嵌入生成,超参数少,使用简便,且在低数据场景下表现突出。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
It is a common practice in modern medicine to prescribe multiple medications simultaneously to treat diseases. However, these medications could have adverse reactions between them, known as Drug-Drug Interactions (DDI), which have the potential to cause significant bodily injury and could even be fatal. Hence, it is essential to identify all the DDI events before prescribing multiple drugs to a patient. Most contemporary research for predicting DDI events relies on either information from Biomedical Knowledge graphs (KG) or drug SMILES, with very few managing to merge data from both to make predictions. While others use heuristic algorithms to extract features from SMILES and KGs, which are then fed into a Deep Learning framework to generate output. In this study, we propose a KG-integrated Transformer architecture to generate an end-to-end fully automated Machine Learning pipeline for predicting DDI events with high accuracy. The algorithm takes full-scale molecular SMILES sequences of a pair of drugs and a biomedical KG as input and predicts the interaction between the two drugs with high precision. The results show superior performance in two different benchmark datasets compared to existing state-of-the-art models especially when the test and training sets contain distinct sets of drug molecules. This demonstrates the strong generalization of the proposed model, indicating its potential for DDI event prediction for newly developed drugs. The model does not depend on heuristic models for generating embeddings and has a minimal number of hyperparameters, making it easy to use while demonstrating outstanding performance in low-data scenarios.
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