提前预测任务流并动态调度,让仓库机器人少跑路、多干活。
Foresee and Act Ahead: Task Prediction and Pre-Scheduling Enabled Efficient Robotic Warehousing
- 用时空建模和图结构分析订单模式,提前预测任务分布。
- 结合已知与预测任务,动态分配机器人,空跑率降低超50%。
- 适合需要高效率的智能仓储系统,尤其在订单波动大时优势明显。
在仓储系统中,为应对需求激增带来的物流压力,合理分配任务给机器人至关重要。然而,现有方案仍存在机器人工作浪费问题。为此,本文提出一种预调度增强的仓储框架,通过任务流预测与混合任务分配实现高效协同。在任务预测方面,提出周期性解耦机制,捕捉聚合订单的生成规律,并结合新型图结构提取任务空间分布特征;在任务分配方面,同时考虑已知任务与预测未来任务,动态优化资源分配,引入任务不确定性评估与区域级效率评价,提升分配均衡性与合理性。我们在真实工厂数据集上验证了预测模型,达到当前最优性能。进一步,在实际机器人仓库部署该系统进行数月长期测试,关键指标显著提升,如空跑率降低超过50%。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
In warehousing systems, to enhance logistical efficiency amid surging demand volumes, much focus is placed on how to reasonably allocate tasks to robots. However, the robots labor is still inevitably wasted to some extent. In response to this, we propose a pre-scheduling enhanced warehousing framework that predicts task flow and acts in advance. It consists of task flow prediction and hybrid tasks allocation. For task prediction, we notice that it is possible to provide a spatio-temporal representation of task flow, so we introduce a periodicity-decoupled mechanism tailored for the generation patterns of aggregated orders, and then further extract spatial features of task distribution with novel combination of graph structures. In hybrid tasks allocation, we consider the known tasks and predicted future tasks simultaneously and optimize the allocation dynamically. In addition, we consider factors such as predicted task uncertainty and sector-level efficiency evaluation in warehousing to realize more balanced and rational allocations. We validate our task prediction model across actual datasets derived from real factories, achieving SOTA performance. Furthermore, we implement our compelte scheduling system in a real-world robotic warehouse for months of lifelong validation, demonstrating large improvements in key metrics of warehousing, such as empty running rate, by more than 50%.
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