arXiv:2412.06849cs.LGcs.AI2024-12被引 8

将图神经网络与大模型深度结合,同时处理结构与文本信息。

GL-Fusion: Rethinking the Combination of Graph Neural Network and Large Language model

  • 在Transformer层中融入图消息传递机制,同步处理文本与图结构。
  • 使用完整未压缩文本进行跨注意力计算,保留复杂语义。
  • 双预测器设计支持生成式输出与高效单次推理,适用任务更广。

近期将大语言模型(LLM)与图神经网络(GNN)结合的研究主要采用两类方法:以LLM为中心的模型将图数据转为标记供LLM处理,而以GNN为中心的模型则用LLM编码文本特征为固定长度向量输入GNN。前者难以捕捉图结构,后者因压缩变长文本导致语义损失,且需人工设计统一任务格式,仅限分类任务并无法生成自然语言输出。为此,我们提出GL-Fusion架构,实现GNN与LLM的深层融合,包含三项创新:(1) 结构感知Transformer,将GNN的消息传递能力嵌入LLM的Transformer层,实现文本与结构信息的同步处理,并生成双源输出;(2) 图-文本交叉注意力,处理节点与边的完整原始文本,保障语义完整性;(3) GNN-LLM双预测器,支持LLM的灵活自回归生成与GNN的高效单次预测。GL-Fusion在多个任务上表现卓越,尤其在OGBN-Arxiv和OGBG-Code2上达到当前最优性能。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Recent research on integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) with Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) typically follows two approaches: LLM-centered models, which convert graph data into tokens for LLM processing, and GNN-centered models, which use LLMs to encode text features into node and edge representations for GNN input. LLM-centered models often struggle to capture graph structures effectively, while GNN-centered models compress variable-length textual data into fixed-size vectors, limiting their ability to understand complex semantics. Additionally, GNN-centered approaches require converting tasks into a uniform, manually-designed format, restricting them to classification tasks and preventing language output. To address these limitations, we introduce a new architecture that deeply integrates GNN with LLM, featuring three key innovations: (1) Structure-Aware Transformers, which incorporate GNN's message-passing capabilities directly into LLM's transformer layers, allowing simultaneous processing of textual and structural information and generating outputs from both GNN and LLM; (2) Graph-Text Cross-Attention, which processes full, uncompressed text from graph nodes and edges, ensuring complete semantic integration; and (3) GNN-LLM Twin Predictor, enabling LLM's flexible autoregressive generation alongside GNN's scalable one-pass prediction. GL-Fusion achieves outstand performance on various tasks. Notably, it achieves state-of-the-art performance on OGBN-Arxiv and OGBG-Code2.

图神经网络大模型融合跨模态生成

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