提出分布式零阶三层次学习框架,解决无梯度约束下的隐私保护优化问题。
Unlocking TriLevel Learning with Level-Wise Zeroth Order Constraints: Distributed Algorithms and Provable Non-Asymptotic Convergence
- 用零阶切片构造级联多项式逼近,无需梯度信息
- 实现ε-平稳点的非渐近收敛,性能提升约40%
- 适合黑箱/灰箱模型的分布式优化,保护数据隐私
三层次学习(TLL)在鲁棒超参数优化、域自适应等众多机器学习任务中具有广泛应用。然而,现有研究多依赖各层的一阶信息,难以应对存在零阶约束的场景,如使用黑箱模型时。此外,数据可能分布于多个节点,需避免集中数据以保障隐私。为此,本文提出分布式三层次零阶学习框架DTZO,用于在分布式环境下处理具有层级零阶约束的TLL问题。该框架具备广泛适应性,可应用于部分零阶约束的灰箱问题。通过引入新颖的零阶切片,不依赖梯度或次梯度即可构建级联多项式逼近。同时,理论分析了所提方法在达到ε-平稳点时的非渐近收敛速率。大量实验验证了其优越性能,例如性能最高提升约40%。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Trilevel learning (TLL) found diverse applications in numerous machine learning applications, ranging from robust hyperparameter optimization to domain adaptation. However, existing researches primarily focus on scenarios where TLL can be addressed with first order information available at each level, which is inadequate in many situations involving zeroth order constraints, such as when black-box models are employed. Moreover, in trilevel learning, data may be distributed across various nodes, necessitating strategies to address TLL problems without centralizing data on servers to uphold data privacy. To this end, an effective distributed trilevel zeroth order learning framework DTZO is proposed in this work to address the TLL problems with level-wise zeroth order constraints in a distributed manner. The proposed DTZO is versatile and can be adapted to a wide range of (grey-box) TLL problems with partial zeroth order constraints. In DTZO, the cascaded polynomial approximation can be constructed without relying on gradients or sub-gradients, leveraging a novel cut, i.e., zeroth order cut. Furthermore, we theoretically carry out the non-asymptotic convergence rate analysis for the proposed DTZO in achieving the $ε$-stationary point. Extensive experiments have been conducted to demonstrate and validate the superior performance of the proposed DTZO, e.g., it approximately achieves up to a 40$\%$ improvement in performance.
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