AI如何重塑数字民主：机遇与风险并存
Digital Democracy in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
- 从电子民主到智能治理，技术推动公民参与
- AI提升投票效率但引发隐私与信任危机
- 个性化传播加剧信息操纵，需警惕民主异化
本文探讨人工智能对数字民主的影响，聚焦公民身份、参与、代表性和公共领域四大维度。从电子民主到虚拟与网络民主，技术不断拓展民主参与的边界。在数字公民身份方面，AI可增强线上互动与伦理行为，但也带来隐私泄露与身份标签化风险。在政治参与中，AI既可动员公民行动，亦加速虚假信息传播。在代表机制上，AI优化选民登记、电子投票与计票效率，却引发隐私担忧与公众信任问题；其预测能力更改变政治竞争格局，引发操控与合法性争议。最后，AI促进民主倡导与个性化沟通，但同时也增加误导性宣传与精准操纵的风险。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This chapter explores the influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on digital democracy, focusing on four main areas: citizenship, participation, representation, and the public sphere. It traces the evolution from electronic to virtual and network democracy, underscoring how each stage has broadened democratic engagement through technology. Focusing on digital citizenship, the chapter examines how AI can improve online engagement and promote ethical behaviour while posing privacy risks and fostering identity stereotyping. Regarding political participation, it highlights AI's dual role in mobilising civic actions and spreading misinformation. Regarding representation, AI's involvement in electoral processes can enhance voter registration, e-voting, and the efficiency of result tabulation but raises concerns regarding privacy and public trust. Also, AI's predictive capabilities shift the dynamics of political competition, posing ethical questions about manipulation and the legitimacy of democracy. Finally, the chapter examines how integrating AI and digital technologies can facilitate democratic political advocacy and personalised communication. However, this also comes with higher risks of misinformation and targeted propaganda.
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