解决工业缺陷检测中模型偏爱正常区域的问题,让模型更关注潜在缺陷区。
Breaking the Bias: Recalibrating the Attention of Industrial Anomaly Detection
- 通过分层量化动态调整注意力权重,抑制无关变化干扰。
- 在32个数据集上验证,单张3090ti显卡即达领先性能。
- 适合追求高精度与低计算开销的工业质检场景。
由于缺陷样本稀缺且分布不可预测,工业异常检测(IAD)主要依赖无监督学习。然而,所有无监督IAD方法都面临一个共性问题:正常样本中的固有偏差导致模型关注可变区域,而忽略不变区域中的潜在缺陷。为有效克服此问题,需分解并重校准注意力机制,引导模型抑制无关变化,聚焦于细微但易出缺陷的区域。本文提出一种名为RAAD的框架,系统性地分解与重校准注意力图。该框架采用两阶段流程:首先通过量化降低注意力偏差,其次对易出缺陷区域进行精细调优以提升敏感性。核心在于层次化量化评分(HQS),其根据各层对异常检测的贡献度动态分配比特位宽。HQS基于注意力图的层次结构,压缩产生粗糙噪声的浅层注意力,保留深层中更清晰、聚焦缺陷的注意力。该方法同时优化了计算效率与模型对异常的敏感度。我们在32个数据集上使用单张3090ti显卡验证了RAAD的有效性。实验表明,该方法在模型复杂度与表达能力间取得平衡,显著提升了异常检测性能。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Due to the scarcity and unpredictable nature of defect samples, industrial anomaly detection (IAD) predominantly employs unsupervised learning. However, all unsupervised IAD methods face a common challenge: the inherent bias in normal samples, which causes models to focus on variable regions while overlooking potential defects in invariant areas. To effectively overcome this, it is essential to decompose and recalibrate attention, guiding the model to suppress irrelevant variations and concentrate on subtle, defect-susceptible areas. In this paper, we propose Recalibrating Attention of Industrial Anomaly Detection (RAAD), a framework that systematically decomposes and recalibrates attention maps. RAAD employs a two-stage process: first, it reduces attention bias through quantization, and second, it fine-tunes defect-prone regions for improved sensitivity. Central to this framework is Hierarchical Quantization Scoring (HQS), which dynamically allocates bit-widths across layers based on their anomaly detection contributions. HQS dynamically adjusts bit-widths based on the hierarchical nature of attention maps, compressing lower layers that produce coarse and noisy attention while preserving deeper layers with sharper, defect-focused attention. This approach optimizes both computational efficiency and the model' s sensitivity to anomalies. We validate the effectiveness of RAAD on 32 datasets using a single 3090ti. Experiments demonstrate that RAAD, balances the complexity and expressive power of the model, enhancing its anomaly detection capability.
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