解决离线偏好强化学习中的奖励过估计问题,提升策略学习稳定性。
In-Dataset Trajectory Return Regularization for Offline Preference-based Reinforcement Learning
- 引入轨迹回报正则化机制,利用条件序列建模减少奖励偏差影响。
- 在多个基准上优于现有最优方法,显著降低策略优化中的乐观拼接风险。
- 适合研究离线强化学习与人类偏好对齐的科研人员参考。
离线偏好强化学习(PbRL)通常分为两阶段:首先利用人类偏好学习奖励模型,并为无奖励的离线数据集标注奖励;其次通过离线强化学习优化所学奖励以获得策略。然而,从轨迹级偏好反馈中准确建模逐步奖励存在固有挑战,尤其易导致预测奖励过高,引发乐观的轨迹拼接,破坏离线RL中至关重要的悲观性机制。为此,本文提出一种基于数据集内轨迹回报正则化(DTR)的方法,利用条件序列建模缓解奖励偏差下的不准确轨迹拼接风险。DTR结合决策变压器与TD学习,在保持高数据集内轨迹回报的同时,实现基于高奖励标签的最优动作选择。此外,引入集成归一化技术,有效融合多个奖励模型,在奖励区分度与准确性间取得平衡。在多个基准测试中,DTR均显著优于当前最先进的基线方法。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Offline preference-based reinforcement learning (PbRL) typically operates in two phases: first, use human preferences to learn a reward model and annotate rewards for a reward-free offline dataset; second, learn a policy by optimizing the learned reward via offline RL. However, accurately modeling step-wise rewards from trajectory-level preference feedback presents inherent challenges. The reward bias introduced, particularly the overestimation of predicted rewards, leads to optimistic trajectory stitching, which undermines the pessimism mechanism critical to the offline RL phase. To address this challenge, we propose In-Dataset Trajectory Return Regularization (DTR) for offline PbRL, which leverages conditional sequence modeling to mitigate the risk of learning inaccurate trajectory stitching under reward bias. Specifically, DTR employs Decision Transformer and TD-Learning to strike a balance between maintaining fidelity to the behavior policy with high in-dataset trajectory returns and selecting optimal actions based on high reward labels. Additionally, we introduce an ensemble normalization technique that effectively integrates multiple reward models, balancing the tradeoff between reward differentiation and accuracy. Empirical evaluations on various benchmarks demonstrate the superiority of DTR over other state-of-the-art baselines.
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