arXiv:2412.09584cs.RO2024-12ICLR被引 5

用分支定界法结合神经动力学模型,高效规划复杂抓取任务中的长时序动作轨迹。

BaB-ND: Long-Horizon Motion Planning with Branch-and-Bound and Neural Dynamics

  • 基于分支定界法和神经网络验证技术,对非线性动力学模型进行全局搜索优化。
  • 在含接触的推动物体、分拣、绳索穿引等任务中,生成高质量轨迹并超越现有方法。
  • 支持多种神经网络结构,适合需要高精度长程规划的机器人操控场景。

基于观测数据训练的神经网络动力学模型在机器人操作任务中展现出强大的场景动态预测能力。然而,其固有的非线性特性给有效规划带来了巨大挑战。当前规划方法多依赖大量采样或局部梯度下降,在涉及复杂接触事件的长时序规划任务中表现不佳。本文提出一种基于GPU加速的分支-定界(BaB)框架,用于在神经动力学模型上进行操作任务的轨迹优化规划。该方法采用专用分支启发式将搜索空间划分为子域,并引入受先进神经网络验证器alpha-beta-CROWN启发的改进边界传播方法,高效估计各子域内的目标函数上下界。分支过程引导规划方向,而边界过程则有策略地缩小搜索空间。该框架在模拟与真实世界环境下,均在含障碍物的平面推动物体、物体分拣及绳索路径规划等高难度接触密集型任务中表现出卓越性能,生成高质量状态-动作轨迹,优于现有方法。此外,框架兼容从简单多层感知机到先进图神经网络动力学模型等多种网络架构,并能随模型规模高效扩展。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Neural-network-based dynamics models learned from observational data have shown strong predictive capabilities for scene dynamics in robotic manipulation tasks. However, their inherent non-linearity presents significant challenges for effective planning. Current planning methods, often dependent on extensive sampling or local gradient descent, struggle with long-horizon motion planning tasks involving complex contact events. In this paper, we present a GPU-accelerated branch-and-bound (BaB) framework for motion planning in manipulation tasks that require trajectory optimization over neural dynamics models. Our approach employs a specialized branching heuristics to divide the search space into subdomains, and applies a modified bound propagation method, inspired by the state-of-the-art neural network verifier alpha-beta-CROWN, to efficiently estimate objective bounds within these subdomains. The branching process guides planning effectively, while the bounding process strategically reduces the search space. Our framework achieves superior planning performance, generating high-quality state-action trajectories and surpassing existing methods in challenging, contact-rich manipulation tasks such as non-prehensile planar pushing with obstacles, object sorting, and rope routing in both simulated and real-world settings. Furthermore, our framework supports various neural network architectures, ranging from simple multilayer perceptrons to advanced graph neural dynamics models, and scales efficiently with different model sizes.

运动规划神经动力学分支定界机器人

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