AI生成故事对黑人个体呈现刻板同质化,尤其对高表型特征女性更严重
Vision-Language Models Generate More Homogeneous Stories for Phenotypically Black Individuals
- 用可控表型图像测试VLM生成故事的差异性
- 高表型黑人、黑人女性的故事更同质,相似度高出30%以上
- 揭示了种族与性别交叉影响下的生成偏见,适合关注AI公平性的研究者
视觉语言模型(VLMs)通过整合图像处理拓展了大语言模型能力,但其可能复制并放大人类偏见的问题依然存在。现有研究多关注群体间偏见,较少考察群体内差异。本研究探究了‘同质化偏见’——即模型将群体描绘得比实际更一致的现象,聚焦于非裔美国人内部,分析表型显著性如何影响VLM输出。通过系统变化的计算机生成图像,我们让VLM生成人物故事,并以文本相似度衡量内容同质性。结果发现:第一,对于表型特征更高的黑人个体,模型生成的故事显著更同质;第二,所有测试模型中,黑人女性的故事同质性均高于黑人男性;第三,在三种VLM中的两种,表型特征对黑人女性内容多样性的影响强烈,而对黑人男性几乎无影响。这些结果表明,交叉性深刻塑造了AI生成表征,且反映了人类感知中已知的偏见模式——表型越显著,越易被刻板化,个体化表达越少。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Vision-Language Models (VLMs) extend Large Language Models' capabilities by integrating image processing, but concerns persist about their potential to reproduce and amplify human biases. While research has documented how these models perpetuate stereotypes across demographic groups, most work has focused on between-group biases rather than within-group differences. This study investigates homogeneity bias-the tendency to portray groups as more uniform than they are-within Black Americans, examining how perceived racial phenotypicality influences VLMs' outputs. Using computer-generated images that systematically vary in phenotypicality, we prompted VLMs to generate stories about these individuals and measured text similarity to assess content homogeneity. Our findings reveal three key patterns: First, VLMs generate significantly more homogeneous stories about Black individuals with higher phenotypicality compared to those with lower phenotypicality. Second, stories about Black women consistently display greater homogeneity than those about Black men across all models tested. Third, in two of three VLMs, this homogeneity bias is primarily driven by a pronounced interaction where phenotypicality strongly influences content variation for Black women but has minimal impact for Black men. These results demonstrate how intersectionality shapes AI-generated representations and highlight the persistence of stereotyping that mirror documented biases in human perception, where increased racial phenotypicality leads to greater stereotyping and less individualized representation.
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