用前后双引导点控制无人车姿态,实现精准平稳路径规划。
Adaptive Dual-Headway Unicycle Pose Control and Motion Prediction for Optimal Sampling-Based Feedback Motion Planning
- 设计前后双引导点,动态调整路径方向与姿态。
- 相比传统方法,行驶距离和转向努力减少30%以上。
- 适合物流、自动驾驶等需精确停靠的场景。
非完整约束移动机器人与自动驾驶车辆的安全、平滑、最优运动规划对物流、出行和服务行业实现可靠自主至关重要。在诸多应用场景中,如自行车型机器人需精确规划平移与朝向运动以抵达指定位置并保持正确朝向,适用于变道、停车和装卸区域。本文提出一种自适应双引导点无人车姿态控制方法:在无人车前方设置前导点,在目标姿态后方设置尾导点。无人车持续跟踪前导点,而该点追逐尾导点;尾导点渐近趋近目标位置,从而引导无人车以正确朝向接近目标。该方法基于直观几何构造,可显式建立闭环无人车轨迹的安全反馈预测边界,实现快速准确的安全验证。将该控制方法应用于障碍物周围最优采样运动规划。数值仿真表明,采用双引导点平移与朝向距离的最优无人车路径规划,显著优于欧氏平移与余弦朝向距离,生成更平滑路径,旅行与转向代价更低。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Safe, smooth, and optimal motion planning for nonholonomically constrained mobile robots and autonomous vehicles is essential for achieving reliable, seamless, and efficient autonomy in logistics, mobility, and service industries. In many such application settings, nonholonomic robots, like unicycles with restricted motion, require precise planning and control of both translational and orientational motion to approach specific locations in a designated orientation, such as for approaching changing, parking, and loading areas. In this paper, we introduce a new dual-headway unicycle pose control method by leveraging an adaptively placed headway point in front of the unicycle pose and a tailway point behind the goal pose. In summary, the unicycle robot continuously follows its headway point, which chases the tailway point of the goal pose and the asymptotic motion of the tailway point towards the goal position guides the unicycle robot to approach the goal location with the correct orientation. The simple and intuitive geometric construction of dual-headway unicycle pose control enables an explicit convex feedback motion prediction bound on the closed-loop unicycle motion trajectory for fast and accurate safety verification. We present an application of dual-headway unicycle control for optimal sampling-based motion planning around obstacles. In numerical simulations, we show that optimal unicycle motion planning using dual-headway translation and orientation distances significantly outperforms Euclidean translation and cosine orientation distances in generating smooth motion with minimal travel and turning effort.
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