arXiv:2412.11417cs.AIcs.LG2024-12被引 2

用强化学习找漏洞,大模型自动优化决策树,实现游戏策略自进化。

RL-LLM-DT: An Automatic Decision Tree Generation Method Based on RL Evaluation and LLM Enhancement

  • RL探测决策树弱点,LLM基于失败案例生成新代码。
  • 迭代优化后,在34个冰壶AI中排名第一,胜率显著提升。
  • 适合想自动化策略设计的游戏AI研究者使用。

传统双人零和博弈的AI开发依赖决策树与强化学习(RL)两种技术。通常以固定决策树作为一方策略,用RL智能体作为对手寻找其漏洞,进而人工改进。但此过程需大量人工干预,难以完全自动化。本文提出RL-LLM-DT,一种基于RL评估与大语言模型(LLM)增强的自动决策树生成方法。该方法包含两个核心迭代步骤:响应策略搜索(用RL发现决策树的反制策略),策略优化(用LLM分析失败场景并生成改进后的决策树代码)。当RL无法发现新漏洞或LLM无法进一步优化时停止迭代。在冰壶游戏中进行实验,经过多轮迭代后,基于该方法的冰壶AI在Jidi平台34个参赛者中排名第一,证明了LLM能显著提升决策树的鲁棒性与适应性,为游戏AI策略自动化提供了重要进展。代码已开源。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Traditionally, AI development for two-player zero-sum games has relied on two primary techniques: decision trees and reinforcement learning (RL). A common approach involves using a fixed decision tree as one player's strategy while training an RL agent as the opponent to identify vulnerabilities in the decision tree, thereby improving its strategic strength iteratively. However, this process often requires significant human intervention to refine the decision tree after identifying its weaknesses, resulting in inefficiencies and hindering full automation of the strategy enhancement process. Fortunately, the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) offers a transformative opportunity to automate the process. We propose RL-LLM-DT, an automatic decision tree generation method based on RL Evaluation and LLM Enhancement. Given an initial decision tree, the method involves two important iterative steps. Response Policy Search: RL is used to discover counter-strategies targeting the decision tree. Policy Improvement: LLMs analyze failure scenarios and generate improved decision tree code. In our method, RL focuses on finding the decision tree's flaws while LLM is prompted to generate an improved version of the decision tree. The iterative refinement process terminates when RL can't find any flaw of the tree or LLM fails to improve the tree. To evaluate the effectiveness of this integrated approach, we conducted experiments in a curling game. After iterative refinements, our curling AI based on the decision tree ranks first on the Jidi platform among 34 curling AIs in total, which demonstrates that LLMs can significantly enhance the robustness and adaptability of decision trees, representing a substantial advancement in the field of Game AI. Our code is available at https://github.com/Linjunjie99/RL-LLM-DT.

游戏AI决策树大模型

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