arXiv:2412.11542cs.CVcs.LG2024-12被引 1

提出新算法让模型更稳地收敛到平坦最低点,提升跨域泛化能力。

Meta Curvature-Aware Minimization for Domain Generalization

  • 设计动态曲率度量,临近收敛时才增强对平坦最小值的引导
  • 在5个基准数据集上优于现有方法,最高提升6.2%准确率
  • 适合做跨域泛化任务的研究者与工业应用开发者

领域泛化(DG)旨在提升模型在源域训练后对未见领域的泛化能力。近期锐度感知最小化(SAM)通过降低损失曲面的尖锐度,取得一定成效,但其变体常无法有效引导模型进入平坦最小值,且训练过程存在局限性。本文提出一种改进的训练流程,旨在促使模型收敛至平坦最小值。为此,设计了一种曲率度量:当模型远离收敛时影响小,接近局部最小值时则显著反映最小值曲率。基于此度量,推导出新型算法——元曲率感知最小化(MeCAM),以最小化局部最小值周围的曲率。具体而言,MeCAM的优化目标同时最小化常规训练损失、SAM的代理差距以及元学习的代理差距。我们提供了关于MeCAM泛化误差和收敛速度的理论分析,并在五个基准DG数据集(PACS、VLCS、OfficeHome、TerraIncognita、DomainNet)上通过大量实验验证其优越性。代码将开源于GitHub。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Domain generalization (DG) aims to enhance the ability of models trained on source domains to generalize effectively to unseen domains. Recently, Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) has shown promise in this area by reducing the sharpness of the loss landscape to obtain more generalized models. However, SAM and its variants sometimes fail to guide the model toward a flat minimum, and their training processes exhibit limitations, hindering further improvements in model generalization. In this paper, we first propose an improved model training process aimed at encouraging the model to converge to a flat minima. To achieve this, we design a curvature metric that has a minimal effect when the model is far from convergence but becomes increasingly influential in indicating the curvature of the minima as the model approaches a local minimum. Then we derive a novel algorithm from this metric, called Meta Curvature-Aware Minimization (MeCAM), to minimize the curvature around the local minima. Specifically, the optimization objective of MeCAM simultaneously minimizes the regular training loss, the surrogate gap of SAM, and the surrogate gap of meta-learning. We provide theoretical analysis on MeCAM's generalization error and convergence rate, and demonstrate its superiority over existing DG methods through extensive experiments on five benchmark DG datasets, including PACS, VLCS, OfficeHome, TerraIncognita, and DomainNet. Code will be available on GitHub.

领域泛化曲率感知优化算法深度学习

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