用多重生成教师指导,让指纹定位模型学会跨环境通用特征。
Multi-Surrogate-Teacher Assistance for Representation Alignment in Fingerprint-based Indoor Localization
- 设计多个虚拟教师统一不同环境的信号数据差异。
- 在目标数据上优化模型,使特征对环境变化更不敏感。
- 适合需要跨场景部署的无线定位系统开发者。
尽管视觉与文本领域知识迁移已取得显著进展,但将此类成果扩展到室内定位,特别是接收信号强度(RSS)指纹数据集间的可迁移表征学习,仍面临挑战。这主要源于各RSS数据集间固有的差异,包括建筑结构、WiFi接入点数量与分布等。专用网络易受环境特异性线索干扰,难以提取通用表征。为此,本文提出一种即插即用(PnP)知识迁移框架,分两阶段实现:首先通过多代理生成教师进行专家训练,作为全局适配器,统一各源数据集输入差异并保留其特性;随后在专家蒸馏阶段引入三重约束,通过在目标数据集上精炼表示学习,最小化专用网络与代理教师之间的核心知识差异。该过程隐式促进表征对齐,降低对特定环境动态的敏感性。在三个基准WiFi RSS指纹数据集上的大量实验表明,该框架能显著释放专用网络在定位任务中的潜力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Despite remarkable progress in knowledge transfer across visual and textual domains, extending these achievements to indoor localization, particularly for learning transferable representations among Received Signal Strength (RSS) fingerprint datasets, remains a challenge. This is due to inherent discrepancies among these RSS datasets, largely including variations in building structure, the input number and disposition of WiFi anchors. Accordingly, specialized networks, which were deprived of the ability to discern transferable representations, readily incorporate environment-sensitive clues into the learning process, hence limiting their potential when applied to specific RSS datasets. In this work, we propose a plug-and-play (PnP) framework of knowledge transfer, facilitating the exploitation of transferable representations for specialized networks directly on target RSS datasets through two main phases. Initially, we design an Expert Training phase, which features multiple surrogate generative teachers, all serving as a global adapter that homogenizes the input disparities among independent source RSS datasets while preserving their unique characteristics. In a subsequent Expert Distilling phase, we continue introducing a triplet of underlying constraints that requires minimizing the differences in essential knowledge between the specialized network and surrogate teachers through refining its representation learning on the target dataset. This process implicitly fosters a representational alignment in such a way that is less sensitive to specific environmental dynamics. Extensive experiments conducted on three benchmark WiFi RSS fingerprint datasets underscore the effectiveness of the framework that significantly exerts the full potential of specialized networks in localization.
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