提出可阻断三类后门水印的防护框架,有效保护模型不被非法溯源。
BlockDoor: Blocking Backdoor Based Watermarks in Deep Neural Networks
- 通过检测三类触发样本(对抗噪声、分布外、随机标签),实现水印阻断。
- 使水印验证准确率降低最高达98%,对正常数据影响小于1%。
- 适合模型版权保护者使用,尤其防范恶意水印攻击。
深度神经网络在各行业广泛应用,使其成为重要知识产权,亟需防止被盗用或未经授权使用。现有水印技术多基于后门嵌入,但本文发现其验证机制存在关键缺陷:触发集样本作为密钥的行为易被利用。为此提出BlockDoor,一种可封装的防御框架,能识别并阻断三类触发样本——对抗噪声、分布外及随机标签触发。该框架不仅可对潜在触发样本实施拒绝服务,还能修改其以维持模型正常功能。大量实验表明,BlockDoor可将水印验证准确率降低至最多98%,而对干净样本性能损失低于1%,已在多个数据集与网络架构上验证有效。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Adoption of machine learning models across industries have turned Neural Networks (DNNs) into a prized Intellectual Property (IP), which needs to be protected from being stolen or being used without authorization. This topic gave rise to multiple watermarking schemes, through which, one can establish the ownership of a model. Watermarking using backdooring is the most well established method available in the literature, with specific works demonstrating the difficulty in removing the watermarks, embedded as backdoors within the weights of the network. However, in our work, we have identified a critical flaw in the design of the watermark verification with backdoors, pertaining to the behaviour of the samples of the Trigger Set, which acts as the secret key. In this paper, we present BlockDoor, which is a comprehensive package of techniques that is used as a wrapper to block all three different kinds of Trigger samples, which are used in the literature as means to embed watermarks within the trained neural networks as backdoors. The framework implemented through BlockDoor is able to detect potential Trigger samples, through separate functions for adversarial noise based triggers, out-of-distribution triggers and random label based triggers. Apart from a simple Denial-of-Service for a potential Trigger sample, our approach is also able to modify the Trigger samples for correct machine learning functionality. Extensive evaluation of BlockDoor establishes that it is able to significantly reduce the watermark validation accuracy of the Trigger set by up to $98\%$ without compromising on functionality, delivering up to a less than $1\%$ drop on the clean samples. BlockDoor has been tested on multiple datasets and neural architectures.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。