用不确定性感知控制电机,让激光雷达扫得更准又不慢。
UA-MPC: Uncertainty-Aware Model Predictive Control for Motorized LiDAR Odometry

- 根据场景预测扫描可观测性,动态调节电机速度。
- 定位误差减少60%以上,效率仅下降2%以内。
- 适合需要高精度3D感知的机器人与建模应用。
基于激光雷达的精准三维感知在摄影测量与机器人领域至关重要,涵盖设施巡检、建筑信息建模(BIM)和机器人导航等任务。机动式激光雷达系统可通过电机扩展视场(FoV)而无需多个传感器,但现有系统多依赖恒定转速控制,在复杂环境中表现不佳。为此,本文提出UA-MPC——一种不确定性感知的模型预测控制策略,平衡扫描精度与效率。通过射线追踪预测激光雷达位姿估计(LO)的离散可观测性,并用代理函数建模其分布,实现对不同场景下电机速度的高效优化。此外,构建了基于ROS的真实感仿真环境,支持多种场景下的控制策略评估。大量实验(含模拟与真实场景)表明,该方法显著提升位姿估计精度,同时保持高扫描效率:相较于恒定速度控制,定位误差降低超过60%,效率损失低于2%。相关仿真平台已开源:https://github.com/kafeiyin00/UA-MPC.git。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Accurate and comprehensive 3D sensing using LiDAR systems is crucial for various applications in photogrammetry and robotics, including facility inspection, Building Information Modeling (BIM), and robot navigation. Motorized LiDAR systems can expand the Field of View (FoV) without adding multiple scanners, but existing motorized LiDAR systems often rely on constant-speed motor control, leading to suboptimal performance in complex environments. To address this, we propose UA-MPC, an uncertainty-aware motor control strategy that balances scanning accuracy and efficiency. By predicting discrete observabilities of LiDAR Odometry (LO) through ray tracing and modeling their distribution with a surrogate function, UA-MPC efficiently optimizes motor speed control according to different scenes. Additionally, we develop a ROS-based realistic simulation environment for motorized LiDAR systems, enabling the evaluation of control strategies across diverse scenarios. Extensive experiments, conducted on both simulated and real-world scenarios, demonstrate that our method significantly improves odometry accuracy while preserving the scanning efficiency of motorized LiDAR systems. Specifically, it achieves over a 60\% reduction in positioning error with less than a 2\% decrease in efficiency compared to constant-speed control, offering a smarter and more effective solution for active 3D sensing tasks. The simulation environment for control motorized LiDAR is open-sourced at: \url{https://github.com/kafeiyin00/UA-MPC.git}.
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