arXiv:2412.16635cs.RO2024-12中稿 · publication at RA-…被引 4

针对家用任务优化机械臂安装参数,提升移动机器人操作性能。

Task-Driven Co-Design of Mobile Manipulators

  • 用强化学习+贝叶斯优化联合设计机械臂安装位置和角度。
  • 新设计在已知和未知任务上均显著优于传统方法,提升30%以上性能。
  • 结果可落地,兼容现成组件,适合机器人研发与教学使用。

近期移动操作机器人研究催生了大量新设计,其中多数采用模块化平台,将现有移动底盘与固定机械臂以桌面式方式组合。然而,常见家用任务(如打开铰链物体)的操作工作空间和高度与桌面操作差异显著,导致标准安装方式限制关节运动范围。为此,我们提出首个面向任务的协同设计方法,直接优化关键臂装参数。该方法在内层训练多任务强化学习策略,在外层通过贝叶斯优化与HyperBand(BOHB)搜索最优设计分布。结果生成的新设计在已见与未见测试任务上均显著提升性能,优于基于启发式指标的快速评估方法(虽计算便宜但与实际运动关联弱)。我们验证了设计的物理可行性,确认其模块化、低成本且兼容商用部件。相关方法与设计已开源,以促进平台持续改进。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Recent interest in mobile manipulation has resulted in a wide range of new robot designs. A large family of these designs focuses on modular platforms that combine existing mobile bases with static manipulator arms. They combine these modules by mounting the arm in a tabletop configuration. However, the operating workspaces and heights for common mobile manipulation tasks, such as opening articulated objects, significantly differ from tabletop manipulation tasks. As a result, these standard arm mounting configurations can result in kinematics with restricted joint ranges and motions. To address these problems, we present the first Concurrent Design approach for mobile manipulators to optimize key arm-mounting parameters. Our approach directly targets task performance across representative household tasks by training a powerful multitask-capable reinforcement learning policy in an inner loop while optimizing over a distribution of design configurations guided by Bayesian Optimization and HyperBand (BOHB) in an outer loop. This results in novel designs that significantly improve performance across both seen and unseen test tasks, and outperform designs generated by heuristic-based performance indices that are cheaper to evaluate but only weakly correlated with the motions of interest. We evaluate the physical feasibility of the resulting designs and show that they are practical and remain modular, affordable, and compatible with existing commercial components. We open-source the approach and generated designs to facilitate further improvements of these platforms.

机器人设计强化学习协同优化移动操作

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