让多轴轮式机器人转弯时占空间更小,提升狭窄环境下的安全与效率。
Swept Volume-Aware Trajectory Planning and MPC Tracking for Multi-Axle Swerve-Drive AMRs
- 结合SDF路径规划与MPC控制,实时优化每轮转向以最小化扫掠体积。
- 在受限空间中实现精准轨迹跟踪,扫掠体积减少显著,提升机动性。
- 首个综合解决多轴机器人扫掠体积问题的框架,适合物流自动化场景。
多轴自主移动机器人(AMRs)正成为未来物流机器人系统的核心。这类机器人在转弯时需应对扫掠体积管理难题,传统车辆控制系统难以适应其复杂动力学,导致效率低且存在安全隐患。本文提出一种融合扫掠体积最小化、符号距离场(SDF)路径规划与模型预测控制(MPC)的创新框架,实现对各轮独立转向的实时优化。该方法不仅规划出考虑扫掠体积的路径,还动态调整各轮转向半径,在运行中持续减小占用空间。通过预测未来状态并自适应调节转向,显著提升机器人在狭小空间中的操控性与安全性。相比以往工作,本方案突破了基础路径计算与跟踪的局限,提供实时路径优化与高效轴控能力。据我们所知,这是首个全面解决多轴轮式机器人扫掠体积问题的方法,为物流自动化中的控制精度、效率与安全带来实质性提升。项目将开源,以促进更安全高效的自主系统发展。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Multi-axle autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) are set to revolutionize the future of robotics in logistics. As the backbone of next-generation solutions, these robots face a critical challenge: managing and minimizing the swept volume during turns while maintaining precise control. Traditional systems designed for standard vehicles often struggle with the complex dynamics of multi-axle configurations, leading to inefficiency and increased safety risk in confined spaces. Our innovative framework overcomes these limitations by combining swept volume minimization with Signed Distance Field (SDF) path planning and model predictive control (MPC) for independent wheel steering. This approach not only plans paths with an awareness of the swept volume but actively minimizes it in real-time, allowing each axle to follow a precise trajectory while significantly reducing the space the vehicle occupies. By predicting future states and adjusting the turning radius of each wheel, our method enhances both maneuverability and safety, even in the most constrained environments. Unlike previous works, our solution goes beyond basic path calculation and tracking, offering real-time path optimization with minimal swept volume and efficient individual axle control. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive approach to tackle these challenges, delivering life-saving improvements in control, efficiency, and safety for multi-axle AMRs. Furthermore, we will open-source our work to foster collaboration and enable others to advance safer, more efficient autonomous systems.
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