让AI说话方式反映人格与心理状态，无需提示词即可精准模拟。
PsychAdapter: Adapting LLM Transformers to Reflect Traits, Personality and Mental Health
- 在Transformer每层引入心理特质映射，实现无提示的个性化语言生成。
- 对五大性格特质识别准确率达87.3%，抑郁与生活满意度达96.7%。
- 适合开发具人格特征的聊天机器人或心理临床训练工具。
基于人工智能的语言生成已融入多数人生活，但默认输出趋于“平均化”，缺乏个体差异表达。本文提出轻量级修改方案PsychAdapter，通过实证获得的性格-语言模式，使标准语言模型（如GPT-2、Gemma、Llama 3）能生成符合特定人格、人口统计学及心理健康特征的语言（无论是否使用提示）。专家评估显示，PsychAdapter生成文本在五大性格特质上平均准确率达87.3%，在抑郁与生活满意度维度达96.7%。该方法通过影响每个Transformer层，在不依赖提示的情况下实现基础层面的心理行为建模，可应用于具有特定人格的聊天机器人、模拟心理状态的临床训练工具，以及匹配作者阅读水平的机器翻译。同时支持通过自然语言表达探索心理构念，拓展了自然语言处理在人类心理学研究中的应用边界。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Artificial intelligence-based language generators are now a part of most people's lives. However, by default, they tend to generate "average" language without reflecting the ways in which people differ. Here, we propose a lightweight modification to the standard language model transformer architecture - "PsychAdapter" - that uses empirically derived trait-language patterns to generate natural language for specified personality, demographic, and mental health characteristics (with or without prompting). We applied PsychAdapters to modify OpenAI's GPT-2, Google's Gemma, and Meta's Llama 3 and found generated text to reflect the desired traits. For example, expert raters evaluated PsychAdapter's generated text output and found it matched intended trait levels with 87.3% average accuracy for Big Five personalities, and 96.7% for depression and life satisfaction. PsychAdapter is a novel method to introduce psychological behavior patterns into language models at the foundation level, independent of prompting, by influencing every transformer layer. This approach can create chatbots with specific personality profiles, clinical training tools that mirror language associated with psychological conditionals, and machine translations that match an authors reading or education level without taking up LLM context windows. PsychAdapter also allows for the exploration psychological constructs through natural language expression, extending the natural language processing toolkit to study human psychology.
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