arXiv:2501.00057cs.LGcs.AI2025-01被引 4

用视觉模型处理表格数据,小样本下效果超越传统方法。

VisTabNet: Adapting Vision Transformers for Tabular Data

  • 将表格数据转为图像补丁嵌入,直接复用预训练ViT
  • 在少于1000样本的数据集上超越集成与深度学习模型
  • 拓展了跨模态迁移学习边界,适合小规模表格任务

尽管深度学习在自然语言处理和计算机视觉中取得巨大成功,但表格数据(生物、工业、金融等领域最常见)尚未实现类似进展。特别是将大规模预训练模型迁移到小规模表格数据的下游任务极具挑战。为此,我们提出VisTabNet——一种跨模态迁移学习方法,可将带有预训练权重的视觉变换器(ViT)适配到表格数据处理。通过将表格输入投影为ViT可接受的补丁嵌入,可直接应用预训练的Transformer编码器。该方法避免了为表格数据设计专用架构的概念成本,同时显著降低从零训练的计算开销。在多个小规模表格数据集(样本数少于1000)上的实验结果表明,VisTabNet优于传统集成方法及近期深度学习模型。该方法突破传统迁移学习范式,证明预训练图像模型可有效迁移至表格问题,拓展了迁移学习的边界。示例代码已开源:https://github.com/wwydmanski/VisTabNet。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Although deep learning models have had great success in natural language processing and computer vision, we do not observe comparable improvements in the case of tabular data, which is still the most common data type used in biological, industrial and financial applications. In particular, it is challenging to transfer large-scale pre-trained models to downstream tasks defined on small tabular datasets. To address this, we propose VisTabNet -- a cross-modal transfer learning method, which allows for adapting Vision Transformer (ViT) with pre-trained weights to process tabular data. By projecting tabular inputs to patch embeddings acceptable by ViT, we can directly apply a pre-trained Transformer Encoder to tabular inputs. This approach eliminates the conceptual cost of designing a suitable architecture for processing tabular data, while reducing the computational cost of training the model from scratch. Experimental results on multiple small tabular datasets (less than 1k samples) demonstrate VisTabNet's superiority, outperforming both traditional ensemble methods and recent deep learning models. The proposed method goes beyond conventional transfer learning practice and shows that pre-trained image models can be transferred to solve tabular problems, extending the boundaries of transfer learning. We share our example implementation as a GitHub repository available at https://github.com/wwydmanski/VisTabNet.

表格数据视觉变换器迁移学习小样本

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