arXiv:2501.00656cs.CLcs.LG2025-01中稿 · COLM被引 252

OLMo 2推出全开源大模型,性能超越多个同类模型。

2 OLMo 2 Furious

  • 采用改进架构与训练配方,提升训练稳定性和每令牌效率。
  • 引入Dolmino Mix 1124数据混合,通过后期课程训练显著提优下游任务表现。
  • 全开源模型适配指令微调,性能媲美部分闭源模型,适合研究与透明计算场景。

我们推出OLMo 2,下一代完全开源的语言模型系列。OLMo 2 包含 7B、13B 与 32B 参数量的密集自回归语言模型,所有成果均完全公开——包括模型权重、完整训练数据、训练代码与配方、训练日志及数千个中间检查点。本文描述了修改后的模型架构与训练方案,重点提升训练稳定性与每令牌效率。新引入的预训练数据混合名为Dolmino Mix 1124,通过在预训练退火阶段加入专精数据,显著提升模型在多个下游任务上的能力。此外,借鉴Tülu 3最佳实践,开发OLMo 2-Instruct,采用宽松数据并引入可验证奖励的强化学习(RLVR)。OLMo 2 基础模型在性能与训练算力的权衡上处于帕累托前沿,常匹配或超越Llama 3.1、Qwen 2.5、Gemma 2等仅开放权重的模型,且使用更少FLOPs。其全开源的OLMo 2-Instruct模型在同规模中竞争力强,甚至可比肩GPT-3.5 Turbo与GPT-4o Mini等部分闭源模型。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We present OLMo 2, the next generation of our fully open language models. OLMo 2 includes a family of dense autoregressive language models at 7B, 13B and 32B scales with fully released artifacts -- model weights, full training data, training code and recipes, training logs and thousands of intermediate checkpoints. In this work, we describe our modified model architecture and training recipe, focusing on techniques for achieving better training stability and improved per-token efficiency. Our updated pretraining data mixture introduces a new, specialized data mix called Dolmino Mix 1124, which significantly improves model capabilities across many downstream task benchmarks when introduced via late-stage curriculum training (i.e. specialized data during the annealing phase of pretraining). Finally, we incorporate best practices from Tülu 3 to develop OLMo 2-Instruct, focusing on permissive data and extending our final-stage reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR). Our OLMo 2 base models sit at the Pareto frontier of performance to training compute, often matching or outperforming open-weight only models like Llama 3.1, Qwen 2.5, and Gemma 2 while using fewer FLOPs and with fully transparent training data, code, and recipe. Our fully open OLMo 2-Instruct models are competitive with open-weight only models of comparable size and even some proprietary models like GPT-3.5 Turbo and GPT 4o Mini.

大模型开源语言模型训练优化

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。