用行为驱动模拟生成加密货币反洗钱训练数据,解决真实数据稀缺问题。
Beyond Static Datasets: A Behavior-Driven Entity-Specific Simulation to Overcome Data Scarcity and Train Effective Crypto Anti-Money Laundering Models
- 基于实体行为特征构建动态交易模拟器,生成多样化洗钱模式。
- 在自建合成数据集上训练的模型可有效识别真实洗钱地址。
- 适合研究加密货币安全、反洗钱模型与合成数据生成的学者。
由于去中心化、隐私保护、交易便捷等内在特性,以及监管执行难、数据共享政策矛盾等外部因素,加密货币被广泛用于洗钱、暗网交易、诈骗、恐怖融资和军火买卖等非法活动。其中,洗钱是亟需遏制的关键犯罪,每年有数十亿美元资金被洗白。由于层层伪装策略及快速演变的作案手法,现有检测手段面临巨大挑战。尽管已有从人工调查到机器学习的各种方法,但可用训练数据极少,且现有数据集静态、类别不平衡,难以适应特定场景需求。本文提出一种嵌入实体行为特征的、面向特定实体的洗钱类交易仿真方法,可生成多种交易类型并模拟真实环境中观察到的实体行为。论文详细阐述了仿真器的设计与架构,介绍了基于该仿真器生成的定制化数据集,并验证了在合成数据上训练的模型对真实洗钱地址的检测能力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
For different factors/reasons, ranging from inherent characteristics and features providing decentralization, enhanced privacy, ease of transactions, etc., to implied external hardships in enforcing regulations, contradictions in data sharing policies, etc., cryptocurrencies have been severely abused for carrying out numerous malicious and illicit activities including money laundering, darknet transactions, scams, terrorism financing, arm trades. However, money laundering is a key crime to be mitigated to also suspend the movement of funds from other illicit activities. Billions of dollars are annually being laundered. It is getting extremely difficult to identify money laundering in crypto transactions owing to many layering strategies available today, and rapidly evolving tactics, and patterns the launderers use to obfuscate the illicit funds. Many detection methods have been proposed ranging from naive approaches involving complete manual investigation to machine learning models. However, there are very limited datasets available for effectively training machine learning models. Also, the existing datasets are static and class-imbalanced, posing challenges for scalability and suitability to specific scenarios, due to lack of customization to varying requirements. This has been a persistent challenge in literature. In this paper, we propose behavior embedded entity-specific money laundering-like transaction simulation that helps in generating various transaction types and models the transactions embedding the behavior of several entities observed in this space. The paper discusses the design and architecture of the simulator, a custom dataset we generated using the simulator, and the performance of models trained on this synthetic data in detecting real addresses involved in money laundering.
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