提出一种无需金钱的资源分配机制,平衡社会福利与防欺骗能力。
Regularized Proportional Fairness Mechanism for Resource Allocation Without Money
- 用神经网络学习修正比例公平机制,降低作弊动机。
- 实验显示新机制在有限样本下仍能保持稳定性能。
- 适合研究公平分配与激励相容的学者参考。
资源分配中的机制设计需在自利主体间分配有限资源,其满意度取决于私有效用。本文研究无支付场景下的资源分配问题,目标是最大化社会福利并保证激励相容(IC),即主体无法通过虚报效用获利。经典的比例公平(PF)机制虽能实现最大社会福利,但存在高可被操纵性(最大单边虚报带来的效用膨胀,是偏离IC的度量)。已知在无货币激励下,无法同时实现最大社会福利与严格激励相容(Cole et al., 2013)。为此,本文提出学习一个近似机制以合理权衡目标。核心贡献是设计了专用于资源分配的新型神经网络架构——正则化比例公平网络(RPF-Net),通过学习最易被利用的分配模式对PF机制输出进行正则化,从而降低主体虚报动机。我们推导了泛化界,确保在有限及分布外样本下训练仍具性能保障,并实证验证了该机制优于现有最优方法。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Mechanism design in resource allocation studies dividing limited resources among self-interested agents whose satisfaction with the allocation depends on privately held utilities. We consider the problem in a payment-free setting, with the aim of maximizing social welfare while enforcing incentive compatibility (IC), i.e., agents cannot inflate allocations by misreporting their utilities. The well-known proportional fairness (PF) mechanism achieves the maximum possible social welfare but incurs an undesirably high exploitability (the maximum unilateral inflation in utility from misreport and a measure of deviation from IC). In fact, it is known that no mechanism can achieve the maximum social welfare and exact incentive compatibility (IC) simultaneously without the use of monetary incentives (Cole et al., 2013). Motivated by this fact, we propose learning an approximate mechanism that desirably trades off the competing objectives. Our main contribution is to design an innovative neural network architecture tailored to the resource allocation problem, which we name Regularized Proportional Fairness Network (RPF-Net). RPF-Net regularizes the output of the PF mechanism by a learned function approximator of the most exploitable allocation, with the aim of reducing the incentive for any agent to misreport. We derive generalization bounds that guarantee the mechanism performance when trained under finite and out-of-distribution samples and experimentally demonstrate the merits of the proposed mechanism compared to the state-of-the-art.
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