arXiv:2501.04228cs.ROcs.AI2025-01被引 2

用约束代替奖励函数,让机器人自动平衡多个目标。

Constraints as Rewards: Reinforcement Learning for Robots without Reward Functions

  • 用约束函数替代传统奖励函数,通过拉格朗日法求解强化学习。
  • 无需手动调参,各目标自动平衡,成功实现六轮伸缩腿机器人起立。
  • 适合需多目标协调的复杂机器人行为生成任务。

强化学习已成为生成复杂机器人行为的关键算法。然而,学习这些行为需要设计描述任务的奖励函数,通常包含多个需平衡的目标,其调整过程称为奖励工程,常依赖大量试错。本文提出“约束即奖励”(CaR)概念,将任务目标以多个约束函数形式表达,而非奖励函数,并采用拉格朗日法求解带约束的强化学习问题。该方法使不同目标自动平衡,因拉格朗日乘子充当目标间的权重。此外,不等式形式的约束提供了直观的任务优化目标解释。我们将该方法应用于六轮伸缩腿机器人起立运动生成任务,结果表明,在人工设计奖励函数难以学习的情况下,该方法仍能成功获取目标行为。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Reinforcement learning has become an essential algorithm for generating complex robotic behaviors. However, to learn such behaviors, it is necessary to design a reward function that describes the task, which often consists of multiple objectives that needs to be balanced. This tuning process is known as reward engineering and typically involves extensive trial-and-error. In this paper, to avoid this trial-and-error process, we propose the concept of Constraints as Rewards (CaR). CaR formulates the task objective using multiple constraint functions instead of a reward function and solves a reinforcement learning problem with constraints using the Lagrangian-method. By adopting this approach, different objectives are automatically balanced, because Lagrange multipliers serves as the weights among the objectives. In addition, we will demonstrate that constraints, expressed as inequalities, provide an intuitive interpretation of the optimization target designed for the task. We apply the proposed method to the standing-up motion generation task of a six-wheeled-telescopic-legged robot and demonstrate that the proposed method successfully acquires the target behavior, even though it is challenging to learn with manually designed reward functions.

强化学习机器人约束优化

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。