arXiv:2501.05772cs.LGstat.ML2025-01被引 1

让任意机器学习模型生成可解释的预测图表,助力临床落地。

rmlnomogram: An R package to construct an explainable nomogram for any machine learning algorithms

  • 将任意机器学习模型转为可视化预测图谱,支持多类变量输入。
  • 可处理最多15个变量、3200种组合,支持概率与解释性分析。
  • 适合临床研究者快速部署模型,提升黑箱算法的可信度。

当前预测图谱仅适用于回归算法,难以覆盖各类机器学习(ML)模型。本文开发了一个R包及网页应用,实现任意机器学习模型的可解释预测图谱构建。方法上,通过函数将模型预测结果转换为图谱,需提供:(1)所有预测变量的完整组合数据;(2)模型输出值;(3)各变量的可解释性值(可选)。该工具支持五种图谱类型:无概率的分类变量+二分类结局(1)、有概率的分类变量+二分类结局(2)或连续结局(3),以及单个数值变量+分类变量+二分类结局(4)或连续结局(5)。其中类型1最多支持15个预测因子,其余类型最多支持5个,组合上限为3,200。网页应用同样设有相同限制。类型2至5可输出解释性值。结论:本工具可为任意机器学习模型生成带可解释性的预测图谱,在合理预测因子数量下支持临床部署。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Background: Current nomogram can only be created for regression algorithm. Providing nomogram for any machine learning (ML) algorithms may accelerate model deployment in clinical settings or improve model availability. We developed an R package and web application to construct nomogram with model explainability of any ML algorithms. Methods: We formulated a function to transform an ML prediction model into a nomogram, requiring datasets with: (1) all possible combinations of predictor values; (2) the corresponding outputs of the model; and (3) the corresponding explainability values for each predictor (optional). Web application was also created. Results: Our R package could create 5 types of nomograms for categorical predictors and binary outcome without probability (1), categorical predictors and binary outcome with probability (2) or continuous outcome (3), and categorical with single numerical predictors and binary outcome with probability (4) or continuous outcome (5). Respectively, the first and remaining types optimally allowed maximum 15 and 5 predictors with maximum 3,200 combinations. Web application is provided with such limits. The explainability values were possible for types 2 to 5. Conclusions: Our R package and web application could construct nomogram with model explainability of any ML algorithms using a fair number of predictors.

可解释性机器学习临床建模R包

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