arXiv:2501.06062cs.LG2025-01KDD被引 3

匿名上传文本时,用动态嵌入实现个性化语言模型,既保护隐私又提升效果。

Personalized Language Model Learning on Text Data Without User Identifiers

  • 设备本地生成用户分布,动态生成嵌入,避免固定映射
  • 实测显示匿名嵌入使模型准确率显著提升,满足实时推理
  • 适合注重隐私的移动端个性化应用,如输入法、推荐系统

在许多实际自然语言应用中,用户数据高度敏感,需在不包含用户标识的情况下将移动设备上的文本数据匿名上传至云端。然而,缺乏用户标识限制了云端语言模型提供个性化服务的能力,而这对于满足多样化用户需求至关重要。简单地将显式用户标识替换为静态用户嵌入仍会破坏数据匿名性。本文提出让每个移动设备维护一个用户特定的分布,以动态生成用户嵌入,从而打破嵌入与特定用户的固定一一对应关系。我们进一步从理论上证明,为防止云端通过上传的嵌入追踪用户,不同用户的本地分布应处于线性相关空间以避免可识别性,或彼此接近以防止精准归属。在多个公开及工业数据集上,使用不同语言模型进行评估,结果表明引入匿名用户嵌入后模型准确率有显著提升,同时满足实时推理要求。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In many practical natural language applications, user data are highly sensitive, requiring anonymous uploads of text data from mobile devices to the cloud without user identifiers. However, the absence of user identifiers restricts the ability of cloud-based language models to provide personalized services, which are essential for catering to diverse user needs. The trivial method of replacing an explicit user identifier with a static user embedding as model input still compromises data anonymization. In this work, we propose to let each mobile device maintain a user-specific distribution to dynamically generate user embeddings, thereby breaking the one-to-one mapping between an embedding and a specific user. We further theoretically demonstrate that to prevent the cloud from tracking users via uploaded embeddings, the local distributions of different users should either be derived from a linearly dependent space to avoid identifiability or be close to each other to prevent accurate attribution. Evaluation on both public and industrial datasets using different language models reveals a remarkable improvement in accuracy from incorporating anonymous user embeddings, while preserving real-time inference requirement.

隐私保护个性化匿名建模语言模型

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。