arXiv:2501.06493cs.RO2025-01被引 15

为四旋翼机械臂设计全身协同运动规划,实现复杂操作任务的灵活控制。

Whole-Body Integrated Motion Planning for Aerial Manipulators

  • 通过可调航点约束,灵活指定飞行器或末端位置及速度方向要求
  • 在仿真与实测中成功演示九种基础操作技能,支持动态与构型变化下的避障
  • 结合模仿学习加速优化,避免局部最优,适合高难度空中操作场景

针对四旋翼机械臂(AMs)完成复杂操作任务时对表现性运动规划的需求,本文提出一种全新的全身集成运动规划框架。该框架利用灵活的航点约束,可分别指定飞行器或末端执行器的位置要求,并支持对速度、姿态等高阶约束的建模,以适应复杂操作任务。基于时空轨迹特性,构建优化问题,生成兼顾碰撞规避、动力学可行性与运动学可行性的飞行器与机械臂联合轨迹。为进一步提升特定任务下的机动性,引入模仿学习(IL)辅助优化过程,有效避免陷入不良局部最优。通过大量仿真与真实实验验证,框架成功实现了九种基本操作技能,在多种环境和机器人构型下均表现出色。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Expressive motion planning for Aerial Manipulators (AMs) is essential for tackling complex manipulation tasks, yet achieving coupled trajectory planning adaptive to various tasks remains challenging, especially for those requiring aggressive maneuvers. In this work, we propose a novel whole-body integrated motion planning framework for quadrotor-based AMs that leverages flexible waypoint constraints to achieve versatile manipulation capabilities. These waypoint constraints enable the specification of individual position requirements for either the quadrotor or end-effector, while also accommodating higher-order velocity and orientation constraints for complex manipulation tasks. To implement our framework, we exploit spatio-temporal trajectory characteristics and formulate an optimization problem to generate feasible trajectories for both the quadrotor and manipulator while ensuring collision avoidance considering varying robot configurations, dynamic feasibility, and kinematic feasibility. Furthermore, to enhance the maneuverability for specific tasks, we employ Imitation Learning (IL) to facilitate the optimization process to avoid poor local optima. The effectiveness of our framework is validated through comprehensive simulations and real-world experiments, where we successfully demonstrate nine fundamental manipulation skills across various environments.

运动规划机械臂四旋翼强化学习

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