提出'爱因斯坦测试'，评估机器能否独立发现重大科学突破。
The Einstein Test: Towards a Practical Test of a Machine's Ability to Exhibit Superintelligence
- 以历史科学突破为靶标，检验AI能否从已有数据中复现颠覆性洞察。
- 若能复现相对论等里程碑级成果，表明机器或已具备超智能潜力。
- 适合关注人工智能认知能力边界的研究者与技术伦理讨论者。
创造性与颠覆性洞察（CDIs）如相对论的提出，深刻改变了人类认知进程。当前人工智能进展引发争议：顶尖模型是否具备生成此类洞察的能力？我们认为，创造CDIs应被视为机器超智能（SI）的关键特征。为此，我们提出一种实用测试——爱因斯坦测试：在已知某项重大科学突破出现前的数据条件下，AI能否独立推导出该洞察（或形式等价的结论）？若达成此目标，可认为机器至少达到了人类历史上最顶尖智力成就的水平，进而具备超越人类的潜力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Creative and disruptive insights (CDIs), such as the development of the theory of relativity, have punctuated human history, marking pivotal shifts in our intellectual trajectory. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have sparked debates over whether state of the art models possess the capacity to generate CDIs. We argue that the ability to create CDIs should be regarded as a significant feature of machine superintelligence (SI).To this end, we propose a practical test to evaluate whether an approach to AI targeting SI can yield novel insights of this kind. We propose the Einstein test: given the data available prior to the emergence of a known CDI, can an AI independently reproduce that insight (or one that is formally equivalent)? By achieving such a milestone, a machine can be considered to at least match humanity's past top intellectual achievements, and therefore to have the potential to surpass them.
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