arXiv:2501.07426cs.LG2025-01

提出新方法同时处理脑电信号的时间延迟与拉伸,提升多视角数据分析精度。

MVICAD2: Multi-View Independent Component Analysis with Delays and Dilations

  • 引入时间延迟与拉伸双参数建模,更灵活捕捉个体脑活动差异
  • 在模拟与真实数据中均优于现有方法,尤其在老年群体中表现显著
  • 适合研究脑功能老化、跨被试神经活动同步性分析的科研人员

多视角机器学习在整合异构数据、对齐特征空间和处理视角特异性偏差方面面临挑战,尤其在神经科学中,多个受试者对相同刺激的响应分析尤为重要。在脑磁图(MEG)中,从头皮信号反演大脑源活动至关重要,传统多视角独立成分分析(MVICA)假设所有受试者具有相同源信号,但该假设因个体差异与年龄变化而过于严格。多视角独立成分分析带时延(MVICAD)通过允许源存在时间延迟改进了这一问题,但听觉刺激中的时间拉伸效应仍无法充分描述。为此,我们提出多视角独立成分分析带时延与拉伸(MVICAD2),允许源在时间延迟和拉伸上存在跨受试者差异。我们构建了可识别源的模型,推导出似然函数的闭式近似,并结合正则化与优化技术提升性能。仿真结果表明,MVICAD2优于现有方法;在Cam-CAN数据集上的验证进一步揭示了时延与拉伸与衰老的相关性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Machine learning techniques in multi-view settings face significant challenges, particularly when integrating heterogeneous data, aligning feature spaces, and managing view-specific biases. These issues are prominent in neuroscience, where data from multiple subjects exposed to the same stimuli are analyzed to uncover brain activity dynamics. In magnetoencephalography (MEG), where signals are captured at the scalp level, estimating the brain's underlying sources is crucial, especially in group studies where sources are assumed to be similar for all subjects. Common methods, such as Multi-View Independent Component Analysis (MVICA), assume identical sources across subjects, but this assumption is often too restrictive due to individual variability and age-related changes. Multi-View Independent Component Analysis with Delays (MVICAD) addresses this by allowing sources to differ up to a temporal delay. However, temporal dilation effects, particularly in auditory stimuli, are common in brain dynamics, making the estimation of time delays alone insufficient. To address this, we propose Multi-View Independent Component Analysis with Delays and Dilations (MVICAD2), which allows sources to differ across subjects in both temporal delays and dilations. We present a model with identifiable sources, derive an approximation of its likelihood in closed form, and use regularization and optimization techniques to enhance performance. Through simulations, we demonstrate that MVICAD2 outperforms existing multi-view ICA methods. We further validate its effectiveness using the Cam-CAN dataset, and showing how delays and dilations are related to aging.

脑机接口多视角学习信号分离

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