让机器人像生物一样感知自身状态,实现施工中自适应协作。
Interoceptive Robots for Convergent Shared Control in Collaborative Construction Work
- 用内感受机制建模机器人内部状态,支持自我反思与持续学习。
- 通过超图融合人类语义知识,实现多机协同路径规划与速度同步。
- 适合研究智能施工机器人、自适应控制与人机协作的学者参考。
构建高效且具备自适应能力的自主移动机器人(AMRs),以响应任务需求变化和动态环境,是推动建筑机器人发展的关键目标。这类机器人在实现自动化、降低运营碳足迹和支持模块化施工方面具有重要作用。受生物体自适应自主性的启发,本文提出将内感受(interoception)作为机器人内部状态表征的基础,以支持自我反思与有意识学习,从而实现机器人代理的持续学习与适应性。在共享控制范式中,我们将内部状态变量与数学特性分解为“认知失调”,并引入一种新视角:通过整合基于网格/图算法的启发式代价与神经科学及强化学习的最新进展,实现自适应运动规划。从人类语义输入中提取的陈述性与程序性知识被编码至超图模型中,该模型与现场布局的空间配置重叠,用于路径规划。此外,设计了基于编码器-解码器架构的速 度回放模块,结合少样本学习,使机器人能在情境化场景中复现速度轨迹,实现多机器人同步与交接协作。这些‘缓存’的知识表示在模拟环境中验证了其在多机器人运动规划与堆叠任务中的有效性。本研究为建筑机器人向通用人工智能迈进提供了洞见,推动其从复杂性迈向胜任力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Building autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) with optimized efficiency and adaptive capabilities-able to respond to changing task demands and dynamic environments-is a strongly desired goal for advancing construction robotics. Such robots can play a critical role in enabling automation, reducing operational carbon footprints, and supporting modular construction processes. Inspired by the adaptive autonomy of living organisms, we introduce interoception, which centers on the robot's internal state representation, as a foundation for developing self-reflection and conscious learning to enable continual learning and adaptability in robotic agents. In this paper, we factorize internal state variables and mathematical properties as "cognitive dissonance" in shared control paradigms, where human interventions occasionally occur. We offer a new perspective on how interoception can help build adaptive motion planning in AMRs by integrating the legacy of heuristic costs from grid/graph-based algorithms with recent advances in neuroscience and reinforcement learning. Declarative and procedural knowledge extracted from human semantic inputs is encoded into a hypergraph model that overlaps with the spatial configuration of onsite layout for path planning. In addition, we design a velocity-replay module using an encoder-decoder architecture with few-shot learning to enable robots to replicate velocity profiles in contextualized scenarios for multi-robot synchronization and handover collaboration. These "cached" knowledge representations are demonstrated in simulated environments for multi-robot motion planning and stacking tasks. The insights from this study pave the way toward artificial general intelligence in AMRs, fostering their progression from complexity to competence in construction automation.
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