无需重训即可按序合并模型,高效保持性能不退化。
Merging Models on the Fly Without Retraining: A Sequential Approach to Scalable Continual Model Merging
- 通过正交投影与自适应缩放,逐个融合新模型参数。
- 在不同任务顺序下平均提升5-8%准确率,内存恒定不变。
- 适合持续新增模型的场景,尤其适合资源受限部署。
深度模型合并是新兴研究方向,旨在整合多个微调模型以利用其在不同任务和领域中的专长。现有方法通常同时合并所有可用模型,以权重插值为主,但难以应对模型按序到达的场景,且常面临高内存开销和任务间干扰问题。本文提出一种无需训练的投影式持续合并方法,通过正交投影权重矩阵并结合自适应缩放机制,将新模型参数更新投影到与已有合并参数正交的子空间中,同时保持参数距离稳定,实现任务知识的高效逐次集成。该方法内存复杂度恒定于模型数量,通过正交投影最小化任务干扰,并通过自适应任务向量缩放保留已有模型性能。在CLIP-ViT模型上的大量实验表明,本方法在不同任务顺序下平均提升5-8%准确率,表现出优异的鲁棒性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Deep model merging represents an emerging research direction that combines multiple fine-tuned models to harness their specialized capabilities across different tasks and domains. Current model merging techniques focus on merging all available models simultaneously, with weight interpolation-based methods being the predominant approaches. However, these conventional approaches are not well-suited for scenarios where models become available sequentially, and they often suffer from high memory requirements and potential interference between tasks. In this study, we propose a training-free projection-based continual merging method that processes models sequentially through orthogonal projections of weight matrices and adaptive scaling mechanisms. Our method operates by projecting new parameter updates onto subspaces orthogonal to existing merged parameter updates while using an adaptive scaling mechanism to maintain stable parameter distances, enabling efficient sequential integration of task-specific knowledge. Our approach maintains constant memory complexity to the number of models, minimizes interference between tasks through orthogonal projections, and retains the performance of previously merged models through adaptive task vector scaling. Extensive experiments on CLIP-ViT models demonstrate that our method achieves a 5-8% average accuracy improvement while maintaining robust performance in different task orderings.
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