用忆阻器实现低功耗多传感器无线推理,提升边缘计算能效。
Over-the-Air Multi-Sensor Inference with Neural Networks Using Memristor-Based Analog Computing
- 基于忆阻器的模拟计算,在边缘端实现低能耗运算。
- 引入L_p范数启发的融合机制,支持跨传感器特征不变性传输。
- 适合资源受限的物联网场景,尤其关注能效与实时性需求。
深度神经网络在分类和回归任务中表现可靠,但在实时无线系统中因高能耗和大带宽需求而受限。本文提出一种基于忆阻器模拟计算的多传感器无线推理系统。由于传感器计算能力有限,网络前端特征被传输至中心设备,采用受L_p-范数启发的近似最大值操作,实现变换不变特征,支持高效空中传输。同时,提出可训练的空中传感器融合方法,基于L_p-范数启发的组合函数,自适应匹配网络与传感器分布特性,增强系统灵活性。为应对传感器能量约束,利用忆阻器的高能效存内计算能力,在模拟域完成计算,显著降低边缘计算的能耗与开销。该双策略结合忆阻器与L_p范数融合机制,构建了低功耗、高效传输的计算范式,实现在极小性能损失下的实用化节能方案。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Deep neural networks provide reliable solutions for many classification and regression tasks; however, their application in real-time wireless systems with simple sensor networks is limited due to high energy consumption and significant bandwidth needs. This study proposes a multi-sensor wireless inference system with memristor-based analog computing. Given the sensors' limited computational capabilities, the features from the network's front end are transmitted to a central device where an $L_p$-norm inspired approximation of the maximum operation is employed to achieve transformation-invariant features, enabling efficient over-the-air transmission. We also introduce a trainable over-the-air sensor fusion method based on $L_p$-norm inspired combining function that customizes sensor fusion to match the network and sensor distribution characteristics, enhancing adaptability. To address the energy constraints of sensors, we utilize memristors, known for their energy-efficient in-memory computing, enabling analog-domain computations that reduce energy use and computational overhead in edge computing. This dual approach of memristors and $L_p$-norm inspired sensor fusion fosters energy-efficient computational and transmission paradigms and serves as a practical energy-efficient solution with minimal performance loss.
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