用参数不确定性保护关键权重,防止模型遗忘旧任务。
Dynamic Continual Learning: Harnessing Parameter Uncertainty for Improved Network Adaptation
- 通过参数不确定性识别重要权重,降低学习率或增加正则化。
- 在多个基准数据集上平均准确率和反向迁移性能提升。
- 适合需要长期学习新知识又不丢旧知识的场景。
微调深度神经网络以适应新数据时,模型容易覆盖对先前任务重要的参数,导致性能下降。本文提出利用参数不确定性来判断哪些参数对网络功能至关重要,并通过正则化防止这些关键参数被改变。方法包括:(1)将更关键的参数关联更低的学习率,限制其变化;(2)对重要参数施加更高正则化权重,使其在后续任务学习后恢复到原状态。我们采用贝叶斯动量传播框架,在训练过程中同步学习参数及其不确定性,使每个参数都能贡献于预测分布,避免了传统采样方法的缺陷。在常见顺序学习基准数据集上的实验表明,该方法在平均测试准确率和反向迁移指标上优于采样类方法及其他非不确定性方法。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
When fine-tuning Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to new data, DNNs are prone to overwriting network parameters required for task-specific functionality on previously learned tasks, resulting in a loss of performance on those tasks. We propose using parameter-based uncertainty to determine which parameters are relevant to a network's learned function and regularize training to prevent change in these important parameters. We approach this regularization in two ways: (1), we constrain critical parameters from significant changes by associating more critical parameters with lower learning rates, thereby limiting alterations in those parameters; (2), important parameters are restricted from change by imposing a higher regularization weighting, causing parameters to revert to their states prior to the learning of subsequent tasks. We leverage a Bayesian Moment Propagation framework which learns network parameters concurrently with their associated uncertainties while allowing each parameter to contribute uncertainty to the network's predictive distribution, avoiding the pitfalls of existing sampling-based methods. The proposed approach is evaluated for common sequential benchmark datasets and compared to existing published approaches from the Continual Learning community. Ultimately, we show improved Continual Learning performance for Average Test Accuracy and Backward Transfer metrics compared to sampling-based methods and other non-uncertainty-based approaches.
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