提出教育场景下精神健康联邦学习的落地路径,兼顾隐私与效果。
The Transition from Centralized Machine Learning to Federated Learning for Mental Health in Education: A Survey of Current Methods and Future Directions
- 用联邦学习替代中心化训练,保护学生数据隐私
- 梳理现有方法并指出教育领域研究空白
- 划分短期与长期方向,推动人本AI发展
人工智能(AI)和机器学习(ML)在精神健康领域的应用日益广泛,旨在提升患者照护质量和医疗效率。由于心理问题常在青少年早期(高中和大学阶段)显现,探索教育场景中基于AI/ML的精神健康解决方案至关重要。然而,传统集中式机器学习需将学生敏感数据从学校、高校及诊所传输至中央服务器,带来严重隐私风险。联邦学习(FL)通过分布式模型训练,在不共享原始数据的前提下实现隐私保护,成为应对该问题的可行方案。尽管前景广阔,目前将联邦学习应用于学生精神健康分析的研究仍较有限。本文旨在填补这一空白,提出在教育环境中融合联邦学习的路线图。首先概述学生群体的精神健康问题,并回顾已有机器学习应用研究;其次分析联邦学习在更广泛精神健康领域的应用,强调其在教育场景中的缺位;最后提出若干有前景的研究方向,探讨这些方向与以人为本的跨领域协同关系。通过将研究方向分为短期与长期策略,并揭示各阶段的独特挑战,本文旨在推动隐私友好型AI/ML精神健康解决方案的发展。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Research has increasingly explored the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) within the mental health domain to enhance both patient care and healthcare provider efficiency. Given that mental health challenges frequently emerge during early adolescence -- the critical years of high school and college -- investigating AI/ML-driven mental health solutions within the education domain is of paramount importance. Nevertheless, conventional AI/ML techniques follow a centralized model training architecture, which poses privacy risks due to the need for transferring students' sensitive data from institutions, universities, and clinics to central servers. Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a solution to address these risks by enabling distributed model training while maintaining data privacy. Despite its potential, research on applying FL to analyze students' mental health remains limited. In this paper, we aim to address this limitation by proposing a roadmap for integrating FL into mental health data analysis within educational settings. We begin by providing an overview of mental health issues among students and reviewing existing studies where ML has been applied to address these challenges. Next, we examine broader applications of FL in the mental health domain to emphasize the lack of focus on educational contexts. Finally, we propose promising research directions focused on using FL to address mental health issues in the education sector, which entails discussing the synergies between the proposed directions with broader human-centered domains. By categorizing the proposed research directions into short- and long-term strategies and highlighting the unique challenges at each stage, we aim to encourage the development of privacy-conscious AI/ML-driven mental health solutions.
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